文化与血缘——中国文化探源的一个前提性问题

Culture and Consanguinity

深入探讨文化与血缘的关系,对于中国文化的溯源性研究,具有重要的前提性价值。在早期文明阶段,较之氏族林立同样普遍的,是基于各种原因形成的不同族群混居一地的局面。这就使得血缘政治楔入地缘政治成为常态,于是,不是一家人如何于一地共处,便成为王族必须面对的问题。宗统、族、血缘因此发生了构成性转化:宗统由一族之统向容纳多族为一族之统转化,族则由同姓同德之族群向异姓而同德之族群转化,血缘也随之由一族之世系血缘向"多数民族混合而成"的混合血缘转化。三大要素的构成性转化改变了族群建构的性质,肇始了合族,开启了文明进程的中国路径,同时也意味着血缘因素走出相反曲线。相反曲线意义上的血缘,是中国文化方式的真正基石。

Exploring the relationship between culture and consanguinity is of great prerequisite value for the traceability study of Chinese culture.In the early stage of the Chinese civilization,because of various reasons,different ethnic groups lived in the same place,despite the large number of separate clans.This made it normal for consanguinity politics to wedge into geopolitics.Therefore,how different clans could coexist in one place became an issue the royal family must face.Ruling,clans and consanguinity had thus undergone constitutive transformation:ruling was gradually not that for one clan but for several clans;the clan was gradually not formed by people of the same surname and customs but those of different surnames and customs;and consanguinity,accordingly,was also no longer lineage consanguinity for one family or clan,but mixed consanguinity for"the majority of mixed ethnic groups".The constitutive transformation of the above three elements has changed the nature of ethnicity construction,started the unification of clans,and opened the Chinese path of civilization.At the same time,it also means that the consanguinity factor went along the opposite curve,which is the real cornerstone for the mode of Chinese culture.