文之将史,其流一焉——《文心雕龙》何以影响《史通》

Literature Will be History,Because They Have the Same Origin:How Wen Xin Diao Long Influenced Shi Tong

《文心雕龙》是文论,《史通》是史学,何以一部文论作品会对一部史学著作产生深刻影响?其具体影响又是什么呢?刘知幾在认真分析《文心雕龙》何以产生的基础上,第一次大量引用《文心雕龙》、并明确标注刘勰之名及其著作。实际上,并非《文心雕龙·史传》篇,而是刘勰对"文"的基本观念,使得刘知幾找到了史学的安身立命之所,找到了可以一显身手的天地。《文心雕龙》所谓"文之为德也大矣"的理念,被刘知幾贯彻到史学观念之中,其"远矣大矣"的"文"正相当于"史";刘勰对晋宋以来"文体解散"的批判则成了刘知幾的理论武器,被他巧妙地运用到了史学理论的建树上,形成"文之将史,其流一焉"的观念。刘知幾是一个相当高明的学生,他大量采择刘勰的文词,运用刘勰的思想理论,却完成了一部具有独特价值的史学著作。《文心雕龙》的文章观念笼罩《史通》,却并未将其淹没,而是最终成就了文史双美的佳话,这正是中国文论的独特魅力之所在。

Wen Xin Diao Long is a book of literary theory,while Shi Tong is a book of history.Why did a work of literary theory have such profound impacts on a work of history?What were the specific impacts?On the basis of carefully analyzing the origin of Wen Xin Diao Long,Liu Zhiji quoted it extensively for the first time,and clearly marked Liu Xie’s name and his work.In fact,it was Liu Xie’s basic concept of"literature",not Wen Xin Diao Long·Shi Zhuan,which helped Liu Zhiji find a place for historiography and a world where he could apply his talents.The concept that"literature is a great virtue"in Wen Xin Diao Long was implemented by Liu Zhiji in his historiography,in which the so-called"broad and big""literature"is equivalent to"history".Liu Xie’s criticism of"style dissolution"since the Jin and Song Dynasties(265-479 AD)became Liu Zhiji’s theoretical weapon,which he skillfully applied in historiography,forming the idea that"literature will be history,because they have the same origin".Liu Zhiji was a very clever student.He quoted a lot of Liu Xie’s words and used many of Liu Xie’s theories to complete a historical work with unique value.The literary theory of Wen Xin Diao Long enveloped Shi Tong,but did not drown it.Instead,both literature and history were maintained,which demonstrated the unique charm of Chinese literary theory.