影响宁夏优质稻谷生产的关键品质因子分析

Analysis of key quality factors influencing the production of high quality paddy in Ningxia

对宁夏稻区采集的18个水稻品种(系)共计199份样本进行了品质分析。结果表明,宁夏稻谷的垩白粒率、垩白度、整精米率变异系数高,是影响水稻品质的关键因子。根据国家标准GB/T 17891—2017,优质稻1级标准的样本比例为0.00%,优质稻2级标准的样本比例为6.53%,优质稻3级标准的样本比例为26.63%,表明参试样本优质稻比例偏低。分析参试18个品种审定时品质检测值发现,优质稻谷品种占88.89%;达到优质稻谷1级、2级、3级标准的理论样本比率分别比实际测定比率高24.12个百分点、47.74个百分点、58.80个百分点。说明宁夏生产优质稻谷比率偏低的主要原因是品质关键因子垩白度、整精米率受环境条件的影响大,因此,当前提高宁夏稻谷品质的措施主要为优化栽培技术、加强田间管理、实时收割等,以降低环境条件对稻谷品质的影响。

A total of 199 samplesquality from 18 rice varieties collected in Ningxia were analyzed.The results showed that the variation coefficient of chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree and head milled rice rate in Ningxia was high,which were the key factors affecting rice quality.According to GB/T 17891—2017 standard,only 0.00%of the samples reached the 1nd class of high quality paddy,and 6.53%of the samples reached the 2nd class of high quality rice,26.63%of the samples reached the 3nd class of high quality rice.It in⁃dicated that the proportion of high-quality paddy produced was low.Head milled rice rate and chalkiness degree in the report of variety evaluation were analyzed.Among the tested rice varieties,high quality rice varieties accounted for 88.89%.The theoretical samples that reached the standards of 1nd class,2nd class and 3nd class of high quality paddy were 24.12 percentage points,47.74 percentage points and 58.80 percentage points higher than the measured values,respectively.It shows that the main reason for the low rate of pro⁃ducing high-quality rice in Ningxia is that the key quality factors chalkiness and head milled rice rate are greatly affected by environ⁃mental conditions.Therefore,the current measures to improve the rice quality in Ningxia are mainly to optimize cultivation technolo⁃gy,strengthen field management and real-time harvesting,so as to reduce the impact of environmental conditions on rice quality.