影响宁夏贫困山区马铃薯商品薯率的气象因子分析

Meteorological factor analysis affecting commodity potato rate of potato in poor mountainous areas of Ningxia

利用宁夏中南部贫困山区固原市和西吉县马铃薯定点历史观测资料、固原市长城梁农业气象试验基地和西吉县吉强镇2016年马铃薯分期播种试验资料以及分期播种试验区的降水量、平均气温、日照时数等气象资料,对气象资料进行合成处理,分析马铃薯商品薯率与气象因子的相关性,通过显著性检验,得到影响马铃薯商品薯率的关键气象因子,对马铃薯商品薯率影响显著的关键气象因子进行拟合,建立评价马铃薯商品薯率的综合权重模拟方程。结果表明,块茎膨大期日均降水量是影响宁南贫困山区马铃薯商品薯率最主要的气象因子,块茎膨大期日均降水量由1 mm/d增加到2 mm/d,商品薯率由34.4%提升至76.5%,日均降水量达到2.94 mm/d时,商品薯率达到100%。开花后第4旬(淀粉积累转折期)平均气温每升高1℃,商品薯率下降4.0%~5.5%。播种前3—4月降水量每增加10 mm,可增加马铃薯商品薯率3.14%~11.01%。

Using the potato historical observation data of Guyuan and Xiji county,Guyuan Great Wall Liang agricultural meteorologi⁃cal test base and Jiqiang town of Xiji county in 2016,precipitation,average temperature,sunshine hours,the meteorological data were synthesized,analyzed the correlation of potato commodity potato rate and meteorological factors,got the key meteorological fac⁃tors that affecting the potato rate,fitted the potato commodity potato rate,and established a comprehensive weight simulation equation of potato commodity potato rate.The results showed that the average daily precipitation of tuber enlargement was the main meteorologi⁃cal factor affecting the potato commodity potato rate in poor mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.The average daily precipitation of tuber enlargement increased from 1 mm/d to 2 mm/d,the commodity potato rate increased from 34.4%to 76.5%and when the average daily precipitation reached 2.94 mm/d,the commodity potato rate reached 100%.The average temperature of every 40th century(starch accumulation transition period)rose by 1℃,and the commodity potato rate decreased by 4.0%~5.5%.Every 10 mm,of 3—4 month precipitation increase in potato commodity potato rate 3.14%~11.01%.