牧草干燥技术与装备研究进展

Research Progress of Forage Drying Technology and Equipment

优质牧草是现代畜牧业健康发展的基石,需要对种植、田间管理、收获和加工等各环节进行科学把控。干燥是牧草产后加工的关键环节,显著影响牧草质量和品质变化。为了对我国牧草加工产业发展提供参考和技术支持,本文归纳了现有牧草收获与干燥加工工艺,概述并分析了国内外主要干燥方式下牧草干燥特性和干燥设备研究现状。牧草主要的干燥方式包括自然干燥、热风干燥、高温快速干燥、太阳能干燥等,近年来国内学者对不同干燥方式下牧草干燥特性研究较多,干燥技术逐渐成熟,但与国外牧草干燥机械化生产技术相比,仍存在一定的差距。例如,存在收获、干燥工艺不匹配,干燥设备缺少设计标准,企业规模较小等问题。制定标准化牧草干燥加工工艺,加强牧草联合干燥技术研究,发展特色牧草干燥技术体系,实现牧草干燥设备大型化、智能化、集成化,将是我国牧草机械化干燥加工产业的发展方向。

The high-quality forage is the basis of the healthy development of modern animal husbandry,which requires scientific control of planting,field management,harvesting,and processing.Drying is a key link in the post-harvest processing of forage,which significantly affects the quality of forage.To provide reference and technical support for the development of China’s forage post-production processing industry,this paper summarizes the technology of forage harvesting and drying,and reviews and analyses the research advances of forage drying characteristics and drying equipment under the main drying methods in China and other countries.The main drying methods of forage grass include natural drying,hot air drying,high-temperature-fast-drying,solar drying,etc.In recent years,domestic scholars have studied the drying characteristics of forage grass under different drying methods.The domestic forage drying technology has been gradually improved,but it still lags behind the mechanized production technology of forage drying in foreign countries.There are problems of domestic forage drying technology,such as the mismatch between harvest and drying process,the lack of design standards for drying equipment,and small enterprise scale.Thus,the development direction of our country’s forage mechanized drying processing industry is to formulate standardized forage drying processing technology,strengthen the research of forage drying technology,realize intelligent and integrated forage drying equipment.