组合动力:现状、问题与对策

Combined cycle propulsion:current status,problems and solutions

介绍了火箭/冲压、预冷空气涡轮火箭、空气涡轮火箭等组合发动机研究的现状及面临的技术问题,提出了后续发展策略。火箭/冲压组合发动机近期宜解决中等尺度、火箭/高马赫数冲压组合的研制与应用问题;加快1.8~7.0 Ma段燃烧、热防、推进剂供应与控制、结构一体化关键技术攻关;深入评估0~1.8 Ma段多种技术方案及工程方案的可行性。预冷空气涡轮火箭是水平起降、两级入轨航天运输系统之一级最具竞争力的发动机,应加快关键技术攻关进程,持续系统优化和工程化研究。空气涡轮火箭发动机需围绕高速飞行器对动力的需求,加快推进剂、大范围可调燃气发生器及控制等方面研究工作。组合发动机研发需要在研究思路、关键技术研究途径及方法方面持续创新。

This paper reviews the research status and technical problems of combined cycle engines,including rocket based combined cycle(RBCC),pre-cooling air turbo rocket(PATR),and air turbo rocket(ATR),and puts forward suggestions for the future development strategies of combined cycle propulsions from the application perspective.For RBCC,the development and application problems of middle-size rocket/high-Mach-number ramjet combined cycle engine should be solved in the near future.Breakthroughs in key technologies of combustion,thermal protection,propellant feed and control,and structural integration at Mach 1.8 to 7.0 should be accelerated.The application and engineering feasibility of various technical solutions at Mach 0 to 1.8 should be thoroughly evaluated.PATR is the most competitive first-stage engine in the two-stage horizontal take-off and landing space transportation systems.For PATR,breakthroughs in key technologies should be speeded up,and system optimization and engineered research should be continuously conducted.For ATR,research in propellants,wide-range adjustable gas generators and control methods should be promoted,oriented for the propulsion requirements of high-speed flight vehicles.Development of combined cycle engines calls for continuous innovation in research ideas as well as critical technical approaches and methods.