炭材料在锂金属电池中应用进展

Advances in carbon materials for stable lithium metal batteries

金属锂作为下一代高能量密度电池的负极材料,具有广阔的应用前景。然而,金属锂的沉积/剥离过程常伴随着高曲折度的枝晶的形成,导致电池寿命短,甚至会诱发安全隐患。迄今为止,研究者们已开发出多种方法来抑制枝晶生长和调节固体电解质界面膜的均匀性。炭材料因其轻质、高导电、多级多孔、化学和物理稳定特性被设计成不同种类的材料来用于稳定金属锂。按照特定的功能进行分类,本文总结了炭材料在锂金属电池中作为骨架、电解液添加剂和涂层等方面的研究进展。从结构和化学方面讨论了各种炭材料的优点和局限性。最后,就如何推动锂金属电池的应用,展望了未来炭材料的发展前景。

Lithium(Li) metal is a promising anode material for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. However, the plating/stripping of Li metal is often accompanied by the formation of dendrites, which produce a short lifespan and safety hazards. To date, various approaches have been developed to suppress the dendrite growth and regulate the uniformity of the solid electrolyte interphase. Carbon materials that are lightweight, highly conductive, porous, and chemically and physically stable have been used for stabilizing the Li metal. This review summarizes the advances in carbon materials used as hosts, electrolyte additives, and coating layers in stabilizing Li metal batteries(LMBs). The advantages and limitations of various carbon materials are discussed in terms of their structural and chemical properties. Prospects for the development of carbon materials for improving LMBs are considered.