基于可再生植物多酚的介孔炭材料合成及其环境和能源应用

Synthesis of mesoporous carbon materials from renewable plant polyphenols for environmental and energy applications

介孔炭材料具有高比表面积、可调的组成和孔结构、良好的化学稳定性和导电性,被广泛用于环境、催化、能源等领域。碳源是介孔炭合成的关键。植物多酚,作为一种生物质碳源,具有低价、无毒、可再生的优点。且植物多酚具有黏附性和金属络合能力,被广泛用于合成介孔炭复合材料。尽管该领域已取得巨大进展,但关于植物多酚衍生介孔炭的综述还很少。本文综述了以植物多酚为原料制备的各种介孔炭材料,包括多孔炭泡沫、有序介孔炭、介孔炭球、杂原子掺杂炭和金属/介孔炭复合材料。总结了上述炭材料在环境和能源等领域的应用。该综述将为植物多酚化学和纳米多孔炭材料的研究建立桥梁,促进更多的研究者利用植物多酚作为碳源制备功能介孔炭材料。

Mesoporous carbon materials have a high specific surface area, tunable surface chemistry and pore structure, and good chemical stability and conductivity. They have attracted great attention for use in environmental remediation, industrial catalysis, energy conversion and storage. The carbon precursor is important for the synthesis of mesoporous carbons with different properties.Plant polyphenols are a kind of universal biomass with low cost, nontoxicity and sustainability that can be used as a carbon source.Most importantly, their good adhesion and metal chelating ability make them suitable for the synthesis of mesoporous carbon composites. Methods for the synthesis of different forms of mesoporous carbon from plant polyphenols are provided, including porous carbon foams, ordered mesoporous carbons, mesoporous carbon spheres, heteroatom-doped mesoporous carbons, and composites of mesoporous carbon with metals. Their uses in environmental and energy studies are summarized.