关于“碳中和生物”环境科学的新概念与研究展望

Carbon-neutral organisms as the new concept in environmental sciences and research prospects

碳达峰、碳中和是责任,是使命,更是机遇和挑战。时至今日,越来越多的国家、地区和个人投身这一事业中,共创人类可持续的未来。我国政府更是承诺,通过采取更加有力的政策和措施,力争CO;排放于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取在2060年前实现碳中和。为了更好、更快地实现这一战略目标,创新推动碳中和工作,本文首次提出了"碳中和生物"的新概念,并对其内涵进行了辨析。从碳中和植物、碳中和微生物、碳中和动物、碳中和种群/群落以及碳中和生态系统的界定入手,深入阐述了碳中和生物的分类体系。为了自然界生物本身的碳中和功能尽可能放大或得以最大程度的提升,必须大规模构建碳中和生物生态体系,包括农业碳中和粮食作物体系、低碳养殖体系、碳中和湿地生态系统、碳中和生物共生或协同体系,以及基于环境修复的碳中和体系。最后,还对碳中和生物和生物固碳的今后研究进行了建设性的展望。

The goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is not only a responsibility and a mission but also an opportunity and a challenge. Today, an increasing number of countries, regions, and individuals are engaged in this goal to create a sustainable future for mankind. The Chinese Government is even more committed to take more powerful policies and measures to reach the peak of CO;emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In this review, a new concept of "carbon-neutral organisms" was proposed for the first time and its connotation clarified to better and speedily achieve the strategic goal and promote innovative work on carbon neutrality. First,carbon-neutral plants, carbon-neutral microorganisms, carbon-neutral animals, carbon-neutral populations/communities, and carbonneutral ecosystems were defined, and the classification system of carbon-neutral organisms was deeply expounded. It is necessary to set up biological ecosystems with the function of carbon neutrality, including agricultural carbon-neutral grain crop systems, low-carbon breeding and culturing systems, carbon-neutral wetland ecosystems, carbon-neutral biological symbioses or synergetic systems, and carbon-neutral ecosystems based on environmental remediation, so as to magnify or enhance the carbon-neutral function of living organisms as much as possible. Finally, future research on carbon-neutral organisms and biological carbon sequestration are prospected constructively.