从梦境及幻境视角探究大江健三郎的天皇制批判——以《亲自为我拭去泪水之日》为中心

Exploring Oe's Criticism of the Emperor System from the Perspective of Dreamland and Illusion——Focusing on The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away

大江健三郎的小说《亲自为我拭去泪水之日》发表于1971年,是作者天皇制批判主题系列小说中的重要之作。运用弗洛伊德精神分析理论对小说中主人公的梦境和幻境进行分析解读:主人公由于少年时期国民学校的经历,长期困顿于为天皇赴死的梦境。在梦中,本我占据主导,不愿为天皇赴死,结果遭到所有人的抛弃。梦醒后,受到渴望得到父亲认可的本我和渴望摆脱国家主义带来的痛苦的本我这一矛盾的影响,主人公产生了幻觉,认为自己患上了癌症,并选择沉溺于这一幻境。但幻境产生后,主人公又遭到母亲的揭露,被母亲从一体化的“幸福感”中拉回到现实。在小说中,从梦境到幻境,二者在时间上先是继起,之后又同时交叉存在,是快乐原则和现实原则相互作用的不同结果。主人公最后的抉择,表明幻境只不过是“他”逃避痛苦的方式。大江健三郎对这一形象的塑造,在其整个以天皇制批判为主题的写作生涯中起着承上启下的作用。

Kenzaburo Oe's novel,The Day He Himself Shall Wipe My Tears Away,was published in 1971.It is an important work among his series of novels on the subject of criticism of the imperial system of Japan.This paper adopts the psychoanalytic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud to analyze and interpret the dreamland and illusion of the hero in the novel.Due to his childhood experiences in the national school,the protagonist has a dream of fighting and dying for the emperor for a long time.In the dream,the id plays a dominant role,unwilling to die for the emperor.Finally,he is abandoned by everyone.After waking up,the protagonist is influenced by the contradiction between the id who longs for his father's recognition and the id who longs to get rid of the pain of nationalism.He hallucinates that he is suffering from cancer,and then chooses to indulge in this illusion.However,the protagonist is exposed by his mother and is pulled back to reality from the“happiness”of integration.From the dreamland to the illusion,the two ids occur in succession and then overlap at the same time,which is the different result of the interaction between the Pleasure Principle and the Reality Principle Freud puts forward.The protagonist's final choice shows that the illusion is just a way for him to escape from the pain.The image the author portrays plays a connecting role in his entire writing career with the theme of criticizing the emperor system.