中华梅审美之萌芽与自觉——微观美学史研究个案

The Germination and Consciousness in the Aesthetic Appreciation of Chinese Plum Flowers-A Case in the Study of Microscope Aesthetic History

中华梅审美首先可以分为果的时代与花的时代。对前者而言,梅首先是基础性调味材料,因而在中华早期饮食史上具有重要地位,其次,梅果才作为旺盛生命之象征而得到先民赞誉。先秦乃中华梅审美之萌芽期,作为比兴之资,它已然进入先民之精神生活。魏晋时期的南朝乃中华梅审美之自觉期。在本时期,梅花成为梅审美之焦点,社会上出现了赏梅、咏梅、画梅,乃至折枝赠梅之习。在客观的路径上,梅审美围绕梅花之形色气味与梅早花耐寒之生物特性展开;在主观的路径上,梅审美表现为以梅喻人和借梅抒情的传统。在自觉期,梅审美已从自然审美拓展到工艺审美和艺术审美两大领域。以特定具体审美对象为主题的专题性微观美学史研究可以成为新世纪中国美学史自我深化的有效途径。

The history of the appreciation of Chinese plum flowers can be divided into two eras:one for the fruits and one for blossoms.In the former era,the fruits of plum tree played a significant role in the early stage of Chinese history of food and drink as a basic condiment.Consequently,plums won the praise of our ancestors as symbols of exuberant vitality.The pre-Qin days were the germination period for the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese plum flowers,when they integrated into the spiritual life of our ancestors as objects of rhetorical.The Southern Dynasty in the period of Wei and Jin Dynasties witnessed the period of consciousness in the aesthetic appreciation of plum flowers.In this period,plum flowers turned to be the focus of aesthetic appreciation,and some trends even customs were formed including:the appreciation,the eulogization,and the painting of the flowers.There even was a custom to pick the flowers and send it to others as gifts.From the objective perspective,the aesthetic appreciation of plum flowers is evolved from its shape,color,fragrant odor and the feature of cold resistance as a plant.From the subjective perspective,the aesthetic appreciation of plum flowers is evolved from the tradition to the personification and metaphorical description.The range of aesthetic appreciation has been expanded from the single field of natural aesthetic appreciation to two fields of crafts and arts.The study of microscope aesthetic history futures on specific and concrete objects can be adopted as an effective way for Chinese to deepen the study of our aesthetic history in the new century.