从乡村到城市:1950年代晋绥南下干部对成都的接管与改造

From Rural to Urban Areas:The Takeover and Transformation of Chengdu by the Southward-service Cadres from Shanxi-Suiyuan Area in the 1950s

城市接管是解放战争后期中国共产党面临的重大课题。为了顺利接管城市,中共中央在北方老区抽调了大量干部南下主导接管与建政。由于时间仓促缺乏系统培训,这些干部总体文化程度较低且城市工作经验不足。在进入城市接管后,他们往往沿袭北方农村工作经验。以成都接管为例,晋绥南下干部尽管顺利实现了“接收”的目标,但在后续“管理”阶段,他们简单从农村工作经验和阶级路线出发,例如禁止黄包车运营、排斥旧职员以及质疑耗资较大的下水道工程等,无不体现了中共干部从农村进入城市后所面临的困境。但自1921年以来中国共产党在革命过程中形成的灵活变通、不墨守成规的总体工作思维,最终使他们实现了这一转换并为城市建设做出了重要贡献。

How to take over cities in the liberated areas was a major challenge for the Communist Party of China(CPC)at the late stage of the Civil War.In order to successfully take over the cities,the Central Committee of the CPC delegated a large number of cadres in the North to the South to guide the task and the establishment of governance.Due to inadequate systematic training at short notice,these cadres were generally poorly educated and lacked working experience in urban areas,and they tended to take over the governance based on the working experience in the North.Taking Chengdu as an example.Although the cadres from Shanxi-Suiyuan Area fulfilled the mission of“taking over”the management of this city successfully,they were still faced with the dilemma.They carried out some measures based on the working experience in rural areas and class line concepts,including the restriction of rickshaw operations,the repelling of employees in the old society,and the rejection of sewage engineering due to the high cost.All those were challenges for the CPC cadres from the rural to urban areas.The CPC has formed an overall thinking pattern with much flexibility and nonconformity in working since 1921,which enabled them later to achieve this transformation successfully and make significant contribution to urban construction.