晋察冀边区的“三三制”村政权建设

The Building of Village Political Power in Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Border Region by“Tree-Tree System”

村政权是抗日民主政权的基石。晋察冀边区经1938-1940年村政建设,广大乡村实现了由村长制到村民委员会制的过渡,大批抗日人士走上了村长的岗位。为推进全民族抗战和边区民主建政进程,1941年之后的晋察冀边区村选贯彻了“三三制”思想,在更加扩大的民主范围和统一战线的基础上进行村政建设。村级抗日民主政权的“三三制”建设,表明中国共产党人政权观日渐成熟。它适应了全民族总动员的抗日斗争的客观需要,适应中国社会阶级构成“两头小中间大”的国情,使各抗日阶级、阶层、党派代表进入基层抗日民主政权的领导,行使议政从政的权利,促进了乡村社会治理,从而极大地激发了乡村民众的抗日救国积极性,为夺取抗日战争的胜利发挥了十分重要的作用,为解放区和新中国成立后村政建设积累了经验,树立起了“模型”。

Village political power is the cornerstone for the Anti-Japanese Democratic Government.In Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Border Region,after the building of village political power from 1938-1940,a wide range of villages fulfilled the transition of political system leaders from village masters to the villagers committee,and a great number of anti-Japanese villagers took the position of village masters.To promote the building of democratic political power in the border region and to broaden the front of the“total resistance by the whole nation”,the concept of“Tree-Tree System”was adopted as the guideline in the political election in Shanxi-Chaha’er-Hebei Border Region after 1941,which aimed at building village political power in the extended region of democracy with the united front.The building of anti-Japanese democratic village political power by“Tree-Tree System”shows that the Chinese Communists has maturer concepts of political power.It not only meets the need of the“total resistance to Japan by the whole nation”,but also suits the country’s basic condition-a social hierarchy“small at both ends and big in the middle”.It involves delegates for all level of social class into the leadership of the anti-Japanese democratic political power at the basic level,to implement their rights in political discussion and to facilitate the social governing in the countryside,and consequently stimulates the motivation for the villagers to fight against the Japanese aggression and guard the nation.It establishes a“pattern”which exerts significant impact for winning the success in the War and accumulates experience for the building of village political power in the liberated areas even after the establishment of modern China.