预见性护理模式对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入治疗术后心理状态及并发症风险的影响

Effects of predictive nursing on psychological status and risk of complications after interventional therapy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

目的:探讨预见性护理模式对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者介入治疗术后心理状态及并发症风险的影响。方法:回顾性分析我院2018年5月至2020年9月收治的83例STEMI患者的临床资料,均接受经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗。其中2018年5月至2019年6月的40例为常规组,采用常规护理模式;2019年7月至2020年9月的43例为研究组,基于常规护理模式基础上采用预见性护理模式。比较2组临床指标(卧床时间、住院时间、医疗费用)、干预前后心理状态[抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分]、术后并发症(迷走神经反射、心律失常、对比剂肾病、穿刺部位出血、便秘、下肢静脉血栓)发生情况及护理满意度。结果:研究组卧床时间、住院时间较常规组短,医疗费用较常规组低(P<0.05);干预后,2组SDS评分、SAS评分均较干预前明显降低,且研究组较常规组低(P<0.05);研究组心律失常、穿刺部位出血、便秘、下肢静脉血栓发生率明显较常规组低(P<0.05);研究组护理满意度95.35%,明显较常规组77.50%高(P<0.05)。结论:预见性护理模式可改善STEMI患者介入治疗术后心理状态,减少并发症风险,缩短卧床时间、住院时间,降低医疗费用,提高护理满意度。

Objective:To investigate the effects of predictive nursing on the psychological status and risk of complications in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)after interventional therapy.Methods:A total of 83 STEMI patients(from May 2018 to Sep 2020)in our hospital were selected,and all received percutaneous coronary interventional treatment.From May 2018 to Jun 2019,40 patients were selected as the conventional group,and received conventional nursing mode.From Jul 2019 to Sep 2020,43 patients were selected as the research group,and based on the conventional nursing mode,the predictive nursing mode was adopted.The clinical indicators(time in bed,hospital stay,medical expenses),the psychological status before and after the intervention[self-rating depression scale(SDS)and selfrating anxiety scale(SAS)],postoperative complications(vagal reflex,arrhythmia,contrast induced nephropathy(CIN),puncture site bleeding,constipation,lower limb vein thrombosis),and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:Compare with the conventional group,the time in bed and hospital stay in the research group were shorter,and the medical expenses were lower(P<0.05).After intervention,SDS and SAS scores in the two groups were significantly lower than those before intervention,and those in the research group were lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).The incidences of arrhythmia,puncture site bleeding,constipation and lower limb venous thrombosis in the research group were significantly lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05).And the nursing satisfaction in the research group was 95.35%,which was significantly higher than 77.50%in the conventional group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The predictive nursing mode can improve the psychological state of STEMI patients after interventional therapy,reduce the risk of complications,shorten the time in bed and hospital stay,reduce medical expenses,and improve nursing satisfaction.