两种亚菊属植物挥发油及主要成分对赤拟谷盗幼虫的活性研究

Biological activity of the main components of the essential oils of two Ajania plant species against the larval stages of Tribolium castaneum

本文旨在研究川甘亚菊和灌木亚菊挥发油及其主要成分(1,8-桉叶油醇、樟脑、马鞭草烯醇、冰片和桃金娘烯醇)对赤拟谷盗幼虫的活性作用。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油并通过熏蒸、触杀和驱避等测试方法评价两种挥发油及其主要成分对赤拟谷盗幼虫的生物活性。结果表明,川甘亚菊挥发油、灌木亚菊挥发油和1,8-桉叶油醇均具有一定的熏蒸活性(LC_(50)分别为94.60、81.17 mg/L和18.42 mg/L)和触杀活性(LD_(50)分别为216.93、100.50μg/头和52.69μg/头)。同时,在高测试浓度(78.63 nL/cm^(2)和15.73 nL/cm^(2))时,分别处理2 h和4 h后川甘亚菊和灌木亚菊挥发油以及桃金娘烯醇对赤拟谷盗幼虫均表现出较明显的驱避活性,冰片驱避活性接近于阳性对照避蚊胺。因此,川甘亚菊和灌木亚菊挥发油对赤拟谷盗的幼虫有一定的防治作用。

This study examined the contact activity of the main components(1,8-eucalyptol,camphor,verbenol,borneol and myrtenol)of the essential oils of two Ajania plant species against the larval stages of Tribolium castaneum.The essential oils were extracted by using the steam distillation method,which were tested for their fumigation,contact and repellent activities.The test results showed that the essential oils of Ajania potaninii and A.fruticulosa and 1,8-cineole exhibited fumigation(LC_(50)=94.60,81.17 and 18.42 mg/L)and contact(LD_(50)=216.93,100.50 and 52.69μg/adult)activities against T.castaneum larvae.At the tested concentrations of 78.63 and 15.73 nL/cm^(2),the essential oils from A.potaninii and A.fruticulosa,myrtenol and eucalyptol had significant repellent activities against T.castaneum larvae after 2 h and 4 h.Borneol showed a repellent activity similar to DEET.Our results suggested that the essential oils from A.potaninii and A.fruticulosa can potentially be developed as a natural insecticide for the control of T.castaneum larvae.