芽前除草剂和地膜对杂草防除和牛至生长的影响

Effects of pre-emergent herbicides and mulch film on weed control and oregano growth

牛至Origanum vulgare是唇形科多年生草本植物,牛至精油具有抗菌消炎功效,是重要的中兽药和饲料添加剂。牛至在苗期生长缓慢,杂草防除是牛至田建植的基础。本研究分析了芽前除草剂和地膜对牛至田杂草防控和牛至生长的影响。结果表明,除草剂和地膜覆盖对杂草防除和牛至生长的交互效应显著。其中,覆盖黑色地膜并喷施960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油的处理对杂草控制效果最佳,冬季和春季株防效分别为100%和97.6%,鲜重防效为99.7%;且该处理对牛至单株分蘖、茎叶比和单株叶鲜重均无显著抑制;但50%乙草胺乳油抑制了牛至的分蘖发生,330 g/L二甲戊灵乳油抑制了牛至叶片生长。此外,在盆栽试验中,不同浓度的3种芽前除草剂处理对牛至株高和分蘖的抑制作用也呈现差异。根据田间杂草防效和牛至苗的生长状况,因此,我们推荐在牛至苗移栽前喷施960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油1200 mL/hm^(2)并覆盖黑色地膜。此外,在湿热的夏季应适时除去黑膜,以促进牛至的分蘖和生长。

Origanum vulgare is a perennial grass in the family of Labiatae.Its essential oil has antisepsis and anti-inflammation effects and is used in herbal veterinary drug and feed additives.Due to the slow growth of oregano seedlings,it is fundamentally important to control weeds in the oregano field.In this study,effects of mulch film and pre-emergent herbicides on weed control and oregano growth were analyzed.The results showed that there was a significant cross effect of mulch film and herbicide on weed control and oregano growth.Among all treatments,the treatment of black mulch film coverage together with S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC sprays showed the best effect on weed control,with the efficacies of 100%and 97.6%in winter and spring,respectively,and the fresh weight control efficacy was 99.7%.Beside,this treatment had no significant inhibition on tillering per oregano plant and leaf fresh weight per plant.Yet,spraying 50%acetochlor EC inhibited the tillering of oregano,and 330 g/L pendimethalin EC inhibited the leaf growth of oregano.In addition,in the pot experiment,all the pre-emergent herbicides had inhibitory effects on plant height and tiller.To sum up,we recommend S-metolachlor 960 g/L EC at the spray dose of 1200 mL/hm^(2) before oregano seedling transplantation and black mulch film coverage.Besides,it is also important to remove timely the black mulch film in hot and humid summer season to promote tillering and vegetative growth of oregano.