社会感知视角下基于“头尾划分”的游憩热点识别新方法

A New Method for Identifying Recreational Hotspot Areas from the Perspective of Social Sensing:Implementation Based on Head-Tail Breaks

作为游憩空间的核心研究对象,游憩热点在研判居民游憩偏好、落实城市游憩规划等方面具有重要作用。该文从“社会感知”视角,结合“头尾划分”理论,提出基于时空轨迹数据识别城市游憩热点的新方法。首先基于个人轨迹数据识别停留点,然后基于“头尾划分”理论划定游憩停留点簇群,最后整合停留点簇群并赋值于邻近道路形成游憩热点;以广州市老城区为例进行实证分析,并与两种既有点数据聚类方法进行对比。结果显示:1)广州市老城区的游憩热点整体集中于中、西部,热点类型可分为蓝绿空间、历史风貌、商业街区、批发市场和新兴网红场所5类;2)相比DBSCAN和CFSFDP算法,该文方法在识别游憩热点数量、捕捉游憩热点核心、明确游憩热点边界和运行简洁程度等方面表现更好,有利于后续游憩热点的深度分析与整合。研究成果可为城市游憩热点的识别提供新思路,也可为国土空间规划语境下游憩系统的重塑与提升提供重要分析基础。

With the development of society and the improvement of living standards,recreational activities have become a critical component of modern urban life,while the planning and construction of recreational space has also been regarded as a basic task of urban development.As a key research topic of recreational space,the recreational hotspot areas play an important role in studying residents′recreation preferences and implementing urban recreation planning.Therefore,how to identify them is labelled as a crucial issue during the big data era.In this context,after reviewing the existing related research,this paper proposes a new framework for identifying the recreational hotspot areas from the perspective of"social sensing".The whole processing can be concluded as three steps:1)extracting the recreational stops from the"volunteered"individual GPS trajectory;2)defining the clusters of recreational stops according to"head-tail breaks";3)integrating the clusters of recreational stops to adjacent roads and forming the recreational hotspot areas.To evaluate the proposed framework,this paper takes the old town of Guangzhou as a case study and compares its performance with existing methods DBSCAN and CFSFDP.It is found as follows.1)The recreational hotspot areas are concentrated in the central and western regions of the old town of Guangzhou as a whole,and they can be divided into five categories:blue-green space type,historical type,commercial type,wholesale market type and Internet-famous place type.2)Compared with DBSCAN and CFSFDP,the new framework performs better in figuring out the appropriate number of recreational hotspot areas,capturing the core of recreational hotspot areas,and defining the boundary of recreational hotspot areas.Such progress are conducive to the future studies and analysis of urban recreational system.In general,the new method not only provides new ideas for identifying urban recreational hotspot areas,but also provides an important analysis basis for reconstruction and redevelopment of current recreational system during the spatial planning era.