基于大数据的城市功能区人口时空聚散模式研究

Study on Spatiotemporal Aggregation and Dispersion Patterns of Population in Different Urban Functional Areas Based on Big Data

城市功能区和人口流动是行为地理学和城市规划领域的研究热点,不同城市功能区的人口聚散现象更是其重点议题。该文基于POI和腾讯位置服务(LBS)大数据,以武汉市主城区为研究区,利用功能密度指数、功能优势指数识别城市功能区,并通过空间关联判断城市功能区人口流动变化规律,采用聚类分析方法归纳人口时空聚散模式。研究结果表明:1)中心城区功能混合度较高;2)受人群时空需求影响,不同城市功能区的人口流动规律呈现一定差异性;3)根据城市功能区人口流动聚散趋势并综合其构成特征,可分为公共主导-聚散波动、商务主导-持续集聚、居住主导-持续集聚、绿地主导-聚散交替、商业主导-动态平衡和工业主导-先聚后散共6种模式。研究结果对于优化城市空间布局、合理配置城市资源以及提升城市运行效率具有参考意义。

Urban functional area and population mobility are hot research topics in the fields of behavioural geography and urban planning.The phenomenon of population aggregation and dispersion in different urban functional areas is a key issue.Based on the POI and Tencent location based service(LBS)big data,this paper takes the main urban area of Wuhan as the study area,and adopts the functional density index and functional dominance index to identify the urban functional areas.The change characteristics of population flow in urban functional areas are analyzed through spatial correlation,and the cluster analysis method is used to summarize the spatiotemporal aggregation and dispersion patterns of population flow.The research results show that:1)the functional mixing degree of central urban area is relatively high;2)influenced by the spatial and temporal needs of the crowd,the patterns of population flow in different urban functional areas show some differences;3)according to the trend of population aggregation and dispersion in different urban functional areas and the characteristics of their composition,six patterns of population aggregation and dispersion are obtained,namely,public dominated-aggregation and dispersion fluctuation,business dominated-continuous aggregation,residential dominated-continuous aggregation,green space dominated-aggregation and dispersion alternation,commercial dominated-dynamic balance and industrial dominated-aggregation first and then dispersion.This study is of great significance for optimizing urban spatial layout,allocating urban resources and improving urban operation efficiency.