秦岭东部乡村聚落空间演变特征及其影响因素研究:以商洛市丹凤县为例

Spatial Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlement in Eastern Qinling Mountains:A Case Study of Danfeng County in Shangluo City,China

以位于秦岭东部的陕西省商洛市丹凤县为研究对象,基于Google Earth历史影像提取2010、2015和2019年丹凤县乡村聚落斑块数据,采用景观格局空间分析、ArcGIS空间分析和核密度方法,对丹凤县乡村聚落空间分布格局演变特征进行时空动态研究,并采用地理探测器进一步探究丹凤县乡村聚落空间分布格局的影响因子。结果表明,从乡村聚落规模看,2010—2019年丹凤县乡村聚落数量和密度减少,但聚落面积增加,空间扩张程度明显。从乡村聚落空间分布看,聚落密度呈西南高、东北低分布,县域内高密度核分布分散、类型多样、连续性不强,其范围逐渐缩小并向乡镇中心移动,乡村聚落沿低地缓坡、河流道路两侧分布的指向性加强。地形等自然因素塑造了丹凤县乡村聚落基本空间格局,并对乡村聚落演变的影响持续增强;距交通、河流距离等区位因素和人口密度等社会经济因素是推动乡村聚落空间演变速度及空间分布模式的重要动力。研究结果可为丹凤县乡村振兴、聚落空间优化布局等提供理论依据。

Rural settlement is the main habitation of rural population and the central place for social activities such as life and production.With the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization,urban-rural integration development and migration and relocation in Qinling-Bashan Mountains,the spatial pattern of rural settlements has changed greatly.Taking Danfeng County of Shangluo City in Shaanxi Province in the east of Qinling Mountains as the research object in this paper.The settlement patches data of Danfeng County in 2010,2015 and 2019 were extracted based on Google Earth historical images.Then the spatial-temporal dynamics of rural settlements spatial distribution pattern in Danfeng County were analyzed using the methods of landscape pattern spatial analysis,ArcGIS spatial analysis and kernel density,and the influencing factors of spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements in Danfeng County were further studied by using Geodetector models.The study results show that:(1)The numbers and the density of rural settlements in Danfeng County decreased from 2010 to 2019,but the area increased continuously,which indicate that the spatial expansion of rural settlements was obvious.(2)The spatial distribution density was high in the southwest and low in the northeast.The distribution of high-density core in the county was characterized by dispersion,diversity and weak continuity,the scope of high-density kernel gradually shrank and moved to the centers of the townships.The directivity of rural settlements along the gentle slopes of lowland and on both sides of river and roads was strengthened.(3)Terrain and other natural factors shaped the basic spatial pattern of rural settlements in the County,and the impact on the spatial evolution of rural settlements continued to strengthen.Location factors such as distance to traffic and river and social and economic factors such as population density are important driving forces to promote the spatial evolution speed and spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements.The study results may provide a theoretical basis for rural revitalization and optimal layout of settlement space in Danfeng County.