我国白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)越冬地预测与保护现状分析

Prediction of Wintering Habitat and Analysis on Status of Protection for Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia)in China

掌握水鸟越冬地分布及保护状况对水鸟保护至关重要。白琵鹭(Platalea leucorodia)为我国Ⅱ级保护野生动物,但目前关于我国白琵鹭越冬地分布及保护现状的研究较少。根据2016年全国冬季水鸟同步调查获得的白琵鹭发现位点数据,选取87个发现位点和13个环境因子,应用最大熵模型(MaxEnt)与地理信息系统(ArcGIS)对我国白琵鹭越冬地和适宜区域等级进行预测。结果表明,我国白琵鹭越冬地总面积为106621 km^(2),其中,高度适宜区面积为22197 km^(2),中度适宜区面积为30185 km^(2),低度适宜区面积为54239 km^(2)。白琵鹭越冬地大部分集中分布于长江中下游一带,少量散布于其他区域。距水源距离、最干季降水量、海拔、最干季平均气温是影响白琵鹭越冬地选择的主要因子,累计贡献率达到85%。目前,我国已在白琵鹭越冬地建设245处自然保护区,27%的高度适宜区、13%的中度适宜区和8%的低度适宜区受到自然保护区的保护;但仍然存在一定的保护空缺,建议重视有关区域的保护。

Understanding the wintering habitat of waterbirds is important for their conservation.Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia)is a national gradeⅡprorected wildlife species in China,few studies on distribution and protection of Eurasian Spoonbill(Platalea leucorodia)have been carried out recently in wintering grounds.The wintering habitat and suitable distribution habitat of Platalea leucorodia had been predicted by using MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software,with 13 environmental factors and 87 encountered sites recorded during the National Waterbird Simultaneous Survey of China in 2016.The results show that the total area for wintering habitat of Platalea leucorodia in China was estimated to be 106621 km^(2),including 22197 km^(2) of highly suitable,30185 km^(2) of medium suitable,and 54239 km^(2) of low suitable habitats.Most of the habitats were concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,while few of these habitats were scattered in other regions.The distance to the water source,the precipitation of the driest quarter,the altitude,and the mean temperature of the driest quarter were the main factors affecting the wintering habitat selection of Platalea leucorodia.These four factors were found to contribute 85%of the impact on the habitat selection of the species.245 nature reserves have been designated as the wintering habitats of the species which covering 27%of highly suitable habitats,13%of medium suitable habitats and 8%of low suitable habitats.However there are still some conservation gaps that need a quality management perspective.