工业4.0时代德国学校劳动教育课程改革及启示

The Curriculum Reform of Labor Education in German Schools in the Era of Industry 4.0 and Its Enlightenment

在工业4.0时代,人工智能改变了生产劳动和日常生活劳动的传统样态,催生了以数字化为特征的新一轮产业升级。为应对数字时代的机遇与挑战,德国颁布了一系列基于数字化进程的学校劳动教育课程改革政策确立“面向数字时代”的新课程目标,培养学生的数字能力;拓展新课程资源,修订与完善教材内容;构建课程实施新路径,以项目式课堂教学为主线,辅以多样的校内外实践活动;开发新课程模块,以提升学生的学业与职业规划能力。借鉴德国经验,我国学校劳动课程建设应确立彰显时代特色的育人目标,丰富课程内容,构建学校、社会、家庭互动协作机制,加强劳动教育专业师资队伍与课程资源建设。

In the era of Industry 4.0,artificial intelligence has changed the traditional pattern of production labor and daily life,which has given birth to a new round of industrial upgrading characterized by digitalization.In order to meet the opportunities and challenges of the digital age,Germany has promulgated a series of reform policies for school labor education curriculum based on the process of digitalization:establishing a new curriculum goal of“facing the digital age”to cultivate students’digital ability,expanding new curriculum resources,revising and perfecting the contents of the text books,constructing a new approach to curriculum implementation with project-based classroom teaching as the main line and various in-and-out-of-school practical activities as the supplementary one,and developing new curriculum modules to enhance students’ability in academic and career planning.Drawing lessons from the experience of Germany,the construction of school labor curriculum in China should establish educational goals that highlight the characteristics of the times,enrich the curriculum content,construct the interaction and cooperation mechanism among school,society and family,and strengthen the construction of the professional teacher team and curriculum resources of labor education.