抚河流域底栖动物群落结构及基于完整性指数的健康评价

Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Health Assessment of Fuhe River Based on Benthic Integrated Biotic Index

为了解抚河流域底栖动物群落结构特征及其健康状况,分别于2017年丰水期(7月)和枯水期(12月)对抚河流域范围内40个样点的大型底栖动物群落进行调查,在此基础上构建丰水期和枯水期底栖动物生物完整性评价指数(B-IBI),对抚河流域水生态系统进行健康综合评价。结果表明,两个水文期共采集到底栖动物28科、54种,其中昆虫纲21种,占总数的38.89%;腹足纲13种,占24.07%;瓣鳃纲10种,占18.52%;甲壳纲、蛭纲、寡毛纲共10种,占18.52%。底栖动物群落结构季节差异不显著,密度组成以腹足纲、甲壳纲和瓣鳃纲为主,米虾属、铜锈环棱螺和河蚬为抚河流域优势种。B-IBI显示,抚河流域健康状况总体尚好,67.65%的样点处于良好以上状态,10.29%的样点处于一般状态,22.06%的样点处于较差或极差状态。健康程度较差或极差的样点主要集中在抚河干流中下游以及支流宝塘水、崇仁河和东乡水,应加强该类水域的综合治理与生态修复。

Fuhe River is the second largest river of Jiangxi Province and one of the primary rivers of Poyang Lake water system. But recently, the ecological problem of the Fuhe River has brought challenge to water supplying of the cities along the river and the ecological safety of Poyang Lake. In this study, we explored the macroinvertebrate community structure of the Fuhe River during different water level periods and evaluated the ecological health condition of the river based on the developed Benthic-Index of Biotic Integrity(B-IBI). It aimed to provide evidence for the development of B-IBI in rivers represented by Fuhe River with abundant water resources as well as the restoration and conservation of ecosystem in Fuhe River. Macroinvertebrate and water quality investigation were carried out at 40 sampling sites during wet season(July) and dry season(December) of 2017. Results show that a total of 54 macroinvertebrate species from 28 families were identified in different seasons, consisting of 21 Insecta species, 13 Gastropoda species, 10 Lamellibranchia species and 10 Crustacea, Hirudinea and Oligochaeta species,accounting for 38.89%, 24.07%, 18.52% and 18.52% of the total species. No significantly seasonal differences were exhibited in the macroinvertebrate community structure of Fuhe River, with dominant macroinvertebrate densities of Gastropoda, Lamellibranchia and Crustacea class and the dominant species of Caridina sp., Bellamya aeruginosa and Corbicula fluminea. Ecological health assessment according to B-IBI shows that the overall health status of Fuhe River basin was good, and 67.65% sites were healthy,10.29% sites were fair, 22.06% sites were poor or very poor. The sampling sites at poor and very poor condition were primarily concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the main stream of Fuhe River,and the tributaries like Baotang River, Chongren River and Dongxiang River. It is suggested to strengthen the management and restoration of such water bodies.