仿生辐射制冷的研究进展

Research progress of bio-inspired radiative cooling

辐射制冷是一种通过光谱调控来实现降温的新型制冷技术,相比于传统的主动制冷技术,如吸收式制冷、压缩制冷等,具有独特的优势,在环境保护和能源利用方面具有重要意义.本文首先从辐射制冷的基本原理出发,介绍了自然界中生物所具有的辐射降温特性.不同生物通过其材料、微观结构、行为等实现辐射制冷调控,为人类探究新型辐射制冷材料和器件带来了启发.本文也归纳了生物的辐射制冷机制,总结了生物结构的优化方法,并介绍了当前仿生辐射制冷的研究进展,对仿生辐射制冷的研究方向、应用前景和材料制备方法进行了展望.高功率、智能化的辐射制冷材料和器件是未来仿生辐射制冷的重要发展方向,先进微纳加工技术的融入将使仿生辐射制冷在未来具有更广阔的市场和应用.

As a new type of cooling technology,radiative cooling achieves temperature reduction through spectral regulation.Compared with the traditional active cooling technologies such as absorption-based cooling and compression-based cooling,the radiative cooling offers unique advantages,which are of great significance in environmental protection and energy utilization.First of all,the basic principle of radiative cooling and the radiative cooling within the natural biological systems are introduced in this review.The biological systems achieve their regulations of radiative cooling through controlling the materials,microstructures and behaviors in the systems,which also provide inspiration for us to explore new radiative cooling materials and devices.We also summarize the various mechanisms of radiative cooling in the biological systems and the optimization of such cooling structures.The recent research progress of bio-inspired radiative cooling is also presented.At the end,the outlook of the research directions,potential applications,and the material fabrication approaches for bio-inspired radiative cooling are discussed.The radiative cooling materials and devices with high power output and intelligent control should be an important development direction of bio-inspired radiative cooling in the future.With the integration of advanced micro/nano fabrication technology,bio-inspired radiative cooling will have a broader market and much room of applications in the future.