金属表面复合防腐膜的制备及机理研究进展

Research Progress on Preparation and Mechanism ofComposite Anticorrosive Film on Metal Surface

金属腐蚀给社会发展带来了巨大的经济损失和危害,随着工业和科学技术的发展,腐蚀科学在国民经济中所占的地位越来越重要。因此金属材料的腐蚀与防护关系到整个国计民生与经济的可持续发展。众所周知,金属腐蚀过程的开始主要发生于金属与环境的界面上,因此在金属表面制备防腐膜就有可能减缓或者阻止金属腐蚀的发生,从而达到防腐蚀的目的。在金属表面制备防腐膜可以在很大程度上阻隔金属与环境的直接接触,从而减缓化学腐蚀以及电化学腐蚀的发生。但单一的防腐膜因结构不完整、存在空隙、易脱落等缺点不能发挥长时间且有效的防护作用。在金属表面制备高性能多功能的复合膜已成为目前腐蚀与防护领域的一个研究热点。从腐蚀的角度来看,一般防腐膜可分为无机膜、有机膜和无机-有机杂化膜。近年来国内外学者在此领域进行了广泛研究并取得了很多成果。金属表面复合防腐膜在制备方法上差异较大,不同制备方法的金属基体种类、膜特征、成膜方式均不同;在性能研究方面,疏水性、抗菌性和防腐性之间并不是相互独立的,疏水性可以有效减少腐蚀物质对金属表面的腐蚀,抗菌性也可在一定程度上预防金属表面的腐蚀,这两种性能都对防腐性能有增强的效果。在一些高温、高湿环境中,非常容易滋生细菌,发生腐蚀,因此制备具有疏水性、抗菌性和防腐性能的多功能膜至关重要。本文归纳了金属表面复合膜的研究进展,分别对复合膜的制备方法、性能、机理等进行介绍,分析了金属表面复合膜未来面临的问题并展望其前景,以期为金属表面高性能且绿色环保的复合膜提供参考。

Metal corrosion has given rise to huge economic loss and harm to social development.Corrosion science has been playing an increasingly important role in the national economy with the development of industry and science and technology.Hence,the corrosion and protection of metallic materials are closely associated with the sustainable development of economy and national welfare and the people's livelihood.It is well known that the beginning of metal corrosion process mainly takes place at the interface between metal and environment.Hence,it is possible to slow down metal corrosion or prevent it by preparing anti-corrosion film on metal surface,so that anti-corrosion is no longer beyond reach.The preparation of anticorrosion film on metal surface can largely block the direct contact between metal and the environment,thus the occurrence and progress of chemical corrosion and electrochemical corrosion can slow down.Nonetheless,sole anticorrosion film would not be able to play a long-term and effective protective role because of incomplete structure,a presence of gap,high risk of falling off and other shortcomings.At present,the preparation of high performance and multifunctional composite films on metal surface has become a research hotspot in corrosion and protection.Considering corrosion,general anticorrosive membrane can be divided into inorganic membrane,organic membrane and inorganic-organic hybrid membrane.Recently,scholars at home and abroad have carried out extensive research in this field and made a great many achievements.In the preparation method,difference shows in film formation technology,suitable metals,characteristics of the film.They have their own advantages and disadvantages;upon performances contrast,it can be found that hydrophobicity,antimicrobial property and antiseptic property are not independent of each other,but they have a certain relationship with each other.Hydrophobicity and antimicrobial properties could enhance the effect of anti-corrosion performance.Given that high temperature and humidity environment inside the aircraft are prone to triggering off bacteria and corrosion,it is very important to prepare multifunctional membranes with hydrophobic,antibacterial and antiseptic properties.In this paper,the research progress of composite film on metal surface has been summarized.The preparation method,properties and mechanism of the composite membrane were introduced respectively.Also,the problems and prospects of metal surface composite films in the future were analyzed.They are expected to provide reference for high performance and environmental protection composite films on metal surface.