农村居民家庭教育支付能力测度与分析--基于西部某深度贫困地区的案例研究

Measurement and Analysis of Afford Ability of Rural Residents'Family Education--Based on a Case Study of a Region of Deep Poverty in Western China

后扶贫时代将引发教育扶贫的行动逻辑要点转向重点低收入群体主体脱贫意识的提升。采用“家庭教育支出负担率法”和自设的五级划分标准,基于2018年对甘肃西部4县的调研数据,实证分析该地区农村家庭教育支付能力情况。研究发现:一是建档立卡家庭、成员残疾家庭、子女就读初中及以上学段的家庭总教育支付能力最弱,均处于“低支付能力”水平;二是家庭教育支出项目中学费支出费用最大,建档立卡贫困户家庭以及子女就读本科阶段的基本教育支出负担最重;三是家庭子女就读幼儿园和本科的人数会显著影响家庭总教育支付能力水平;四是父母的学历层次对家庭教育支付能力水平的影响存在差异,其中父亲的学历层次会影响家庭总教育支付能力水平,而母亲的学历对扩展性教育支付能力的高低影响较大。建议国家未来应更加重视西部农村居民家庭教育支付能力监测及特殊家庭的教育帮扶,提升家庭成员主体可持续脱贫的有效性。

The post-poverty alleviation era will cause the logic of educational poverty alleviation actions to shift to the key low-income groups to raise their awareness of poverty alleviation.The study focused on the education affordability of rural families in the western region,using the“family education expenditure burden rate method”and self-designed five-level classification standards,based on the survey data of four counties in Gansu in 2018,and empirically analyzed the rural families'ability to pay for education in the region;The research found that:first,families with registered cards,families with disabled members,and families with children attending junior high school and above have the weakest overall education affordability,all at the level of“low ability to pay”;second,family education expenditure items secondary school fees Expenses are the most expensive;the basic education expenditures of poor households and their children at the undergraduate level are the heaviest;Third,the number of children attending kindergartens and undergraduates will significantly affect the family’s total education affordability.Fourth,the parents’educational level has different effects on the family’s ability to pay for education.Among them,the father's education level will affect the family's total education affordability,while the mother's education has a greater impact on the extended education affordability.Through retrospective analysis,it is suggested that in the future,the country should pay more attention to the monitoring of family education affordability of rural residents in western China and education assistance for special families,so as to improve the effectiveness of families in sustainable poverty alleviation.