分流淘汰抑或督促支持:博士生中期考核制度研究--基于一所研究型大学总体培养方案的文本分析

To Expel or to Support:A Study on the Institution of PhD Qualifying Exam--Text Analysis Based on A Research University

博士生中期考核是世界一流大学培养博士生的通行做法,在保障博士生培养质量方面发挥了重要作用。近年来,我国诸多大学在博士生教育改革中新增中期考核环节,并通过制度化的形式加以确立,以期加强博士生培养的科学化、规范化与专业化。本研究以一所研究型大学为例,对该校总体方案和12个学院实施细则的文本内容进行分析。基于中期考核的3个维度剖析博士生中期考核制度:考核目的在于对培养质量进行监控;实施过程体现了统一规范下的多元变式;结果管理存在严格规定之外的“空间”。基于此,本研究归纳了考核过程中存在的问题,包括制度与权力逻辑上相关各方的利益博弈、能力与潜力范畴中衡量标准的关键因素,以及分流与淘汰结果下难以回避的两难困局,并对此提出针对性建议。

The qualifying exam is a common practice in the Ph.D.training of world-class universities,which plays an important role in guaranteeing the quality.In recent years,many universities in China have explored the implementation of qualifying exam in the reform of doctoral education,and established it in the form of institutionalization,with a view to strengthening the scientific,standardized and professional cultivation of doctoral students.Taking a research university as an example,this paper analyzes the text content of the overall plan and the implementation rules of 12 schools.Based on the three key dimensions of qualifying exam,we comprehensively analyzes the practice process of the qualifying exam,and finds that:the purpose of the exam is to monitor the process of training quality,and the implementation process reflects the multiple variables under the unified standard,and there is“space”beyond the strict regulations of the result management.Based on this,this study reflects on the problems existing in the process of assessment practice,including the interest game of all parties concerned in the system and power logic,the key factors of the measurement standard in the category of ability and potential,and the unavoidable dilemma under the result of shunting and expelling,and puts forward relevant suggestions.