北方海路——“一带一路”新航线——中俄合作开发北方海路问题研析

The Northern Sea Route——A New Route of “The Belt and Road”——Analysis on Sino-Russian Cooperative Development of Northern Sea Route

俄罗斯北方海路与中国"一带一路"冰上丝绸之路相对接,为中俄合作开发北冰洋海域提供了契机。对比苏伊士运河、马六甲航线,北方海路具有缩短距离、节约成本、避开拥堵、确保安全等优势。中国能源需求剧增、俄罗斯远东需要发展,更增添了开发该航路的必要性。开发虽然面临自然条件恶劣、技术条件欠缺等问题,但开发同时也具有全球气候变暖、冰层融化、核动力破冰船改良建造、两国政府的努力等可行性。目前,双方合作取得实质性进展,如中国投资俄罗斯北极天然气项目、中国船只已通过北方海路开展运输、中俄两国政府出台开发措施等。未来,中俄两国将通过采取实施新项目、吸引更多投资者、增加货运量等方式共同开发北方海路,并为其发展创造新机遇。

Russia’s Northern Sea Route is linked to China’s “Polar Silk Road” under “The Belt and Road Initiative”, providing a great opportunity for China and Russia to cooperate in the development of the Arctic Ocean. Compared with the Suez Canal and the Malacca Route, the Northern Sea Route has the advantages of shortening distance, reducing cost, avoiding congestion and ensuring safety. The rapid increase in China’s energy demand as well as the need for developing Russia’s Far East have made it imperative to develop this route. Although the development is faced with problems such as harsh natural conditions and lack of technical supports, the development is also feasible due to the ice melting caused by global warming, the renovation of nuclear-powered icebreakers, and the efforts of both governments. At present,substantive progress have been made in bilateral cooperation. For instance, China has invested in Russia’s Arctic natural gas project, Chinese ships have started shipping through the Northern Sea Route, and both governments have introduced development measures. In the future, China and Russia will jointly develop the Northern Sea Route by implementing new projects, attracting more investors, and increasing freight volume, so as to create new opportunities for its development.