磷肥调控对直播水稻产量及磷肥利用率的影响

Effects of Phosphate Fertilizer on Grain Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Direct-Seeding Rice

为提高直播水稻产量和磷肥利用率,本试验研究了不施磷肥(CK)、当地习惯施肥(FFP)、基肥条施(P1)和综合调控(P2)等磷肥调控方式对直播水稻产量及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用磷酸二铵(FFP、P1)具有显著的增产效果,与CK相比,增产率分别为15.7%和25.8%。产量的增加主要归因于单位面积有效穗数和千粒重的增加。直播水稻的磷肥(P_(2)O_(5))农学利用率、吸收利用率、生理利用率和偏生产力的大小均表现为P1>FFP>P2。3个处理的土壤磷素依存率分别为90.0%、69.4%和65.4%,条施磷酸一铵(P2)时,直播水稻吸收的磷主要来自于土壤,其对土壤磷素的依赖程度大;局部供应磷酸二铵(P1)时依赖程度最低,肥料利用率最高。

In order to improve the grain yield and phosphorus use efficiency in direct-seeding rice,the effects of no phosphate fertilizer(CK),farmer fertilization practice(FFP),band application of base fertilizer(P1)and comprehensive regulation(P2)on the yield and phosphorus use efficiency in direct-seeding rice were studied.The results show that compared to the CK,the application of diammonium phosphate(FFP,P1)has significant effect on yield increase,and the yield increasing rates are 15.7%and 25.8%respectively.The increase of yield is mainly attributed to the increase of effective panicles per unit area and 103-grain weight.The P_(2)O_(5) agronomic efficiencies(PAE),P_(2)O_(5) recovery efficiencies(PRE),P_(2)O_(5) physiological efficiencies(PPE)and partial factor productivities(PFPP)in direct-seeding rice are P1>FFP>P2.The soil P dependent rates of these three treatments are 90.0%,69.4%and 65.4%respectively.And the phosphorus absorbed by direct-seeding rice mainly come from the soil under the band application of monoammonium phosphate(P2),which is highly dependent on the soil phosphorus,while the dependence is the lowest and the fertilizer utilization efficiency is the highest under the local supply of diammonium phosphate(P1).