淮北地区机插稻一次性施用缓混肥与精确定量施肥比较试验研究

Comparative Study of One-time Application of Slow Release Fertilizer and Precise Quantitative Fertilization of Machine transplanted rice in Huaibei Area

通过设置缓混肥与精确定量施肥对比试验,结果表明:缓混肥料处理前期释放返青肥有一个爆发性阶段,使得水稻分蘖促早发,从而较对照提早达到了适宜穗数。后期缓混肥料释放时间与品种生育进程相适应与否直接影响到基部节间长短、穗粒数多少和产量高低。试验中,缓混肥料穗肥释放时,徐稻9号正处于倒3与倒2叶之间,导致基部第1节间短、穗粒数以及后期产量与对照无显著性差异;而此时徐稻10号生育期较长,正处于倒3叶之前的叶龄期,导致基部第1节间变长、无效分蘖成穗较多、穗粒数变异系数较大,后期产量降低,且与对照差异显著。一次性施用缓混肥可实现稻米品质提升,特别是外观与食味品质的提升,同时可以提高种植效益。

The experimental results showed that the release of green fertilizer in the early stage of slow release fertilizer treatment had an explosive stage,which promoted the early development of tillers of rice,and thus reached the appropriate panicle number earlier than the control.The length of basal internodes,grain number per spike and yield were directly affected by the adaptation of the release time of slow-release fertilizer to the growth process of varieties.In the experiment,Xudao-9 was between the leaves of inverted 3 and inverted 2 when the slow-release panicle fertilizer was released,which resulted in the short internode at the base,no significant difference in grain number per panicle and yield at later stage.At this time,Xudao-10 had a longer growth period and was in the leaf age before the third leaf,which resulted in the lengthening of the first internode at the base,more panicles formed by ineffective tillers,larger variation coefficient of panicle grain number,and lower yield at the later stage,which was significantly different from the control.One-time application of slow release fertilizer could improve the quality of rice,especially the appearance and taste,as well as the planting efficiency.