关中传统村落活态性评价模型构建

Construction of Viability Evaluation Model of Traditional Villages in Guanzhong

鉴于当今传统村落所面临的诸多困境,提升其活态性是实现保护与利用双重目标的重要路径,以关中传统村落为研究对象,构建活态性评价模型,通过空间数据下载、统计数据查阅、实地调研、问卷调查等方式获取评价数据,借助ArcGIS等工具,运用层次分析法、多因子空间加权叠加分析法,计算关中地区传统村落活态性指数、失活贡献率及区域活跃程度。失活贡献率计算结果显示,物质遗产、非物质遗产、村落利用现状指标层中失活贡献率最大的评价因子分别是传统建筑占比、非遗与村落依存程度、老村居住人口与户籍人口之比;区域活跃度计算结果显示,黄河西岸和渭河两岸平原地区社会经济活跃度最高,平原和台塬过渡区社会经济活跃度中等,北山山地和秦岭北麓山地区社会经济活跃度较低,区域社会经济活跃度过高、过低都将抑制传统村落的保护和活态化传承。活态性评价模型的构建完善了传统村落活态程度的定量评价方法,为传统村落有针对性地开展活化工作提供了科学依据。

In light of the multitude of adversities faced by traditional villages nowadays,boosting the dynamism of these villages has become an important approach in guaranteeing the success of both safeguarding and utilizing the available space therein.As such,this paper takes Guanzhong traditional village as the objects of research and created a dynamism evaluation model for the purpose of this research.Evaluation data acquired via the combination of downloaded spatial data,looked-up statistics,field investigation,and questionnaire survey were fed for hierarchical analysis and multi-factor space-weighted superposition analysis,both of which were run using ArcGIS.These analyses facilitated the subsequent determination of the village's dynamism index,inactivity contribution,and degree of regional dynamism.The inactivity contribution analysis shows that the evaluation factors attributed to the highest inactivity contribution under the indicator layers of tangible inheritance,intangible inheritance,and village space utilization status quo were the proportion of traditional buildings,interdependence between Intangible inheritance and village,and population ratio old village residents to those of registered households.The regional activity analysis shows that plains on the western bank of Yellow River as well as both sides of the Weihe River displayed the highest level of socioeconomic activity.Contrary to the plains,the plain-tableland transitional regions see had only moderate socioeconomic activity,whereas that in the mountainous regions,as represented by Beishan Mountain and the northern piedmont of Qinling Mountain,has been considerably inactive.Moreover,it was also found that extremities in regional socioeconomic activities tend to hinder the progress of space protection and dynamism-driven cultural inheritance in traditional villages.Judging from the abovementioned findings,the dynamism evaluation model formulated herein has improved the methods in which quantitative dynamism evaluation can be carried out for traditional villages,in turn providing targeted scientific grounds and references for traditional village dynamism improvement campaign.