我国自然保护地碳汇功能实现路径及其法律制度之完善

On the Path to Realize the Carbon Sink Function of China’s Natural Reserves and the Perfection of the Legal System

自然保护地是碳中和目标实现的重要载体,具有极高固碳价值和潜力。将建设以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系与自然保护地碳汇制度构建有机结合是促进双碳目标达成、实现经济社会高质量发展的重要途径。既有制度层面,尚存在自然保护地需进一步整合优化、碳汇监测与核算标准缺乏、市场机制不健全以及相关立法滞后等不足之处,制约了自然保护地碳汇功能的充分发挥。在制度实现路径层面,应在绿色发展理念指引下,以自然保护地的整合优化为基础,通过完善自然保护地立法、优化生态补偿制度、引入碳汇基金与保险等金融举措、设立自然保护地碳汇交易平台统筹绿碳与蓝碳交易等法律制度,来构建符合我国国情的自然保护地碳汇制度,助力我国双碳目标早日达成。

The nature reserve is an important carrier for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.This has extremely high carbon sequestration value and potential.The organic combination of the construction of a national park-based nature reserve system and a nature reserve carbon sink system is an important way to promote the achievement of the dual-carbon goal and achieve high-quality economic and social development.At the existing institutional level,there are still shortcomings such as the need for further integration and optimization of nature reserves,lack of carbon sink monitoring and accounting standards,imperfect market mechanisms,and lagging related legislation,which restrict the full use of the carbon sink function of nature reserves.At the level of system realization path,under the guidance of the concept of green development,based on the integration and optimization of nature reserves,through the improvement of nature protection area legislation,optimization of the ecological compensation system,introduction of financial measures such as carbon sink funds and insurance,the establishment of nature protection areas can be achieved.The carbon sink trading platform coordinates green carbon and blue carbon trading and other legal systems to build a carbon sink system for nature reserves in line with my country's national conditions and help our country achieve its dual carbon goals as soon as possible.