合作社的三重面相:设定、嵌入与策略性

The Triple Features of Cooperatives:Setting,Embedding and Strategy

我国合作社普遍偏离经典合作社原则发展而呈现出不同面相及实践逻辑,引发了学界的持续争论。事实上,我国的农民合作社呈现抽象的合作社、系统的合作社和具体的合作社三重面相,其背后的机理在于我国合作社在发展理念、原则和理想类型上的设定性,在市场体系、社会结构和行政体制等方面的嵌入性,以及在产业属性、市场情状、主体结构、领导者特性、文化传统、组织设计等局部情景下的策略性。因此,观照我国农民合作社发展不应从某一面相得出片面结论,而应从组织化视角出发,走出有关合作社的“原真性”想象,客观看待农民合作社的现实实践及其独特地位和关键作用。

China′s cooperatives generally deviate from the development of classical cooperative principles and show different features and practical logic,which has triggered a continuous debate in the academic circles.In fact,Chinese farmers′cooperatives present three features:abstract cooperatives,systematic cooperatives and specific cooperatives.The mechanism behind these three features is the setting of China′s cooperatives in development ideas,principles and ideal types,the embeddedness in market system,social structure and administrative system,as well as the strategy under the scenarios of industrial attribute,market situation,main structure,leader characteristics,cultural tradition and organizational design.Therefore,studying the development of farmers′cooperatives in China,we should not draw a one-sided conclusion from a certain aspect,but go out of the imagination of"authenticity"of cooperatives from the perspective of organization,and objectively look at the practical practice,unique status and key role of farmers′cooperatives.