宋代皇权场域中的宰相致仕探析

Research on the Resigning of the Prime Minister in the Field of Imperial Power in the Song Dynasty

宋代致仕制度不断发展,打破任职终身制,加快官员新老交替,这是政治文明进步的重要体现。然而作为官员最高代表的宰相,致仕制度对其任职时间约束却很小,宰相致仕除身体健康状况外,主要由皇帝态度,与皇帝亲疏关系、为政作风以及朝政形势等因素决定,致仕原因不尽相同,凸显出制度运行与适用的特殊性。宰相罢相为官与罢相致仕具有本质的不同,反映出宋代中枢政治的复杂性。

In the Song Dynasty,the resigning system developed constantly,the permanent tenure system was broken,and the alternation of new and old officials was accelerated,which was an important reflection of political civilization progress.However,as the highest representative of officials,the official appointment system has little restriction on the prime minister′s tenure.Apart from his physical health,the prime minister′s official appointment was mainly determined by the emperor′s attitude,his close or distant relationship with the emperor,his style of government work and the situation of the court administration.The reasons for his official appointment were different,which highlighted the particularity of the system′s operation and application.There were essential differences between the prime minister′s strike as an official and his resigning,which reflected the complexity of central politics in the Song Dynasty.