四物汤源流钩沉

Origin and Development of Si Wu Decoction

四物汤的源头很可能与《金匮要略》中的胶艾汤有关。唐代《仙授理伤续断秘方》中,四物汤首次正式成方,用于治疗外伤瘀血。北宋《太平惠民和剂局方》中则用之于妇产科诸疾。《太平惠民和剂局方》与《妇人大全良方》的收录是四物汤得以流传的标志性事件。金元学术争鸣时期,出现了大量四物汤化裁方,刘完素、李杲、朱丹溪、王好古等人的著述中均有体现。朱丹溪对于气、血、痰、郁诸证治法中,提出"治血用四物汤"。随着明代"杂病用丹溪"之说的流行,四物汤与血证的联系愈加紧密。与此同时,四物汤的流传与普及不仅体现在医籍之中,文人笔记、日用类书等材料亦生动反映了本方在民间的使用情况。

The origin of Si Wu Decoction is most probably related to the Jiao Ai Decoction recorded in Jin Gui Yao Lue.In Xian Shou Li Shang Xu Duan Mi Fang,which was written in the Tang Dynasty, Si Wu Decoction was used a recipe officially for the first time to treat blood stasis due to trauma.In Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang,which was compiled in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was used to treat the disease of obstetrics and gynecology.Being collected in Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang and the Fu Ren Da Quan Liang Fang is the landmark for Si Wu Decoction being handed down in history.During the period of academic contention in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of modified Si Wu Decoction prescriptions appeared, which are reflected in the works of Liu Wansu, Li Gao, Zhu Danxi, and Wang Haogu.Zhu Danxi put forward the idea of "Si Wu Decoction being uded in treatment of blood syndromes" in treatment of Qi, blood, Phlegm and Depression.With the popularity of "Danxi Recipe being used for miscellaneous diseases" in the Ming Dynasty, Si Wu Decoction was further related to treatment of blood syndromes.At the same time, the spread and popularization of Si Wu Decoction were not only reflected in medical books but also in literati′s notes and daily books, where the use of this formula in civil society was vividly described.