面相识人:基于认知视角的解释

Identifying people based on physiognomy:Explanations from cognitive perspective

面相是辨识和推断他人品格以及行为习性的重要因素,但其内在机理有待深化。基于一般认知视角和进化认知视角,从面相的局部特征和整体特征出发,阐述面相识人的过程及其影响效果。从一般认知视角来看,面相会通过不同的认知加工系统对识别个体特质产生影响,识别到的个体特质在判断(能力、收入、社会层级)以及决策(信任、招聘与晋升)过程中扮演重要角色。从进化认知视角来看,面相会通过不同的进化选择机制对识别个体健康、基因状况发挥作用,进而对判断(婚姻满意度、幸福感、生活满意度)和择偶决策产生重要影响。此外,面相的影响程度取决于个体所处的情境以及个体特质等因素。未来研究应该考察不同面相之间的交互作用,探索面相识人效果的边界条件,利用大数据分析提升面相研究的外部效度,关注后天修饰的面相的影响效果,开展本土情境下的面相识人研究,从而丰富面相的研究内容,构建更加系统的面相研究理论体系。

Physiognomy is an important factor in identifying and inferring the individual traits and behaviors.However,its internal mechanism still needs to be further explored.Based on general cognitive perspective and evolutionary cognitive perspective,then combined with the local and overall features of physiognomy,this paper expounds the process and effect of judging people by physiognomy.Based on the general cognitive perspective,physiognomy affects the recognition of individual traits through various cognitive processing systems,and these traits play important roles in judgment(ability,income,social hierarchy)and decision-making(trust,recruitment,promotion).Based on the perspective of evolutionary cognition,physiognomy plays an important role in evaluating individual health and genetic status through various evolutionary selection mechanisms,and thus has an important influence on judgment(marriage satisfaction,happiness,life satisfaction)and mate selection decision.In addition,the effect of physiognomy on individual life depends on the situations and individual traits.Future research should investigate the interaction among different physiognomy features,and explore the boundary conditions that influence the effect of facial recognition.Furthermore,it is necessary to improve the external validity of the research through big data analysis,and pay more attention to physiognomy features modified by epigenetics on individuals.It is also important to conduct research within the domestic context.In doing so,it will help enrich physiognomy-related research and build a more systematic physiognomy theory.