女性食物选择的演化视角:基于性选择过程的理论探讨

Examining food choice of human females from the evolutionary perspective:The role of sexual selection

性选择在人类心理、行为等表型的演化过程中扮演了重要角色,但其对女性食物选择的影响却相对较少被关注。性选择塑造了男女不同的择偶策略,男性择偶时对女性外在吸引力的关注使得女性更加重视身材等外在吸引力信息。而女性身材与饮食的密切联系,进一步提示性选择过程应该会对女性的食物选择产生影响。以之为基础,梳理求偶动机激活可能引发的女性食物选择的变化,以及女性生理期不同阶段在食物选择上的变异,有助于了解性选择过程对女性食物选择的影响。未来研究中,进一步从行为、激素、脑等不同层面剖析对应影响及涉及机制,对该领域的长远发展有重要意义。

Sexual selection has played important roles in shaping human psychology and behaviors.However, its roles in the field of food choice have been seldom examined. In the current study, we reviewed literature on the function of sexual selection in shaping human females’ food choice. According to relevant theories, sexual selection has shaped sex-specific mating strategies. For human males, they care more about potential mates’ physical attractiveness(body fat, waist-hip-ratio, etc.), which has been regarded as an indicator of fertility for human females. The pressure has pushed human females to pay more attention on their body figure. Since food and human’s body figure is intimately related, it is highly likely sexual selection might also cause an effect on human females’ food choice. Indeed, some studies has explored the possibility by examining female food choice after manipulating their mating motivation, and found that mating motivation reduced female choice of high-fat and high-sugar food. Besides, female choice of high-sugar food also fluctuated with menstrual cycle, with increased binge eating and high-sugar food choice during the midluteal phase of menstrual cycle and reduced high-fat food choice during ovulation.These findings suggested that sexual selection might play a role in shaping human females’ food choice.However, it should be noted that extant studies are far from enough to confirm the link. To further understand the relation between sexual selection and food choice in females, we need scholars from different disciplines to cooperate to conduct more systematic studies. Meanwhile, a brain-hormone-behavior perspective would be indispensable for building a comprehensive framework to understand the role of sexual selection in female food choice.