视觉现代化——现代艺术背后的人类视觉观念

Modernising Vision——On Concepts of Human Vision Underlying Modern Art

20世纪初所发生的"视觉现代化"(modernising vision)转向源于自19世纪以来传统的视觉概念所发生的深刻变化。它旨在将人们从过时的观看习惯中解放出来,视觉的本质不应主要被理解为给定可见世界的机械再现模式,而应该从根本上被理解为由文化构造的、具有历史多样性的感知数据的生产性过程。现代艺术试图通过艺术品本身来创造一种现代化的视觉形式,艺术作品被定义为实现视觉现代化的手段或工具,画家试图用艺术来表达一种新的视觉观——观看中充斥着时间的流动,而绝不仅是一个明确的视觉顺序的实现;观看不是一个视觉固定化过程,而是更加有意识地、集中地观察世界。从丢勒式的空间中心透视观到塞尚式的时间和空间相结合的多重透视观,后者更加强调了观者的参与和观看的过程,这种观看方式的变化也是人与世界关系的变化。视觉现代化的探讨在今天仍然具有重要的意义;。

The turn of“modernising vision”that took place at the beginning of the 20 th century stems from the profound changes of traditional visual concepts since the 19 th century.It aims to liberate people from outdated visual habits.The essence of vision was to be understood not even primarily as mechanical reflection on the existing visible world,but in a fundamental way,as a culturally shaped and historically variable productive processing of perception data.Modern art tries to create a modern visual form through works of art itself,and works of art are defined as the means or tools to realize visual modernization.Artists try to express a new visual view with art——seeing is full of the flow of time,not just the realization of a clear visual order;seeing is not a fixed process of vision,but a more conscious and concentrated observation of the world.From Albrecht Dürer’s central-perspective to Paul Cézanne’s multi-perspectivity combining time and space,the latter emphasizes the participation and seeing process of the viewer,and the change of this seeing mode is also the change of the relationship between man and the world.The discussion of visual modernization is still of great significance today.