潜在的“男权”——对丁玲创作中妇女解放问题的讨论

Potential“Male Chauvinism”——Discussion on Women’s Liberation in Ding Ling’s Creation

丁玲的创作生涯与中国近现代革命、思想与文学的现代性进程有着密切联系,她的生命轨迹与中国女性在解放道路上的缩影交织着。丁玲自始至终以现代女性的姿态将自己的生命体验与女性经验付诸文字与思想,塑造了一大批女性人物形象:觉醒的五四女儿梦珂、莎菲,在革命边缘生存的美琳、玛丽,从事革命工作的三小姐,处于革命体制中的贞贞,陷于阶级斗争中的黑妮等。表面上看是社会机制的不完善、革命体制的规约、阶级斗争等对女性造成压迫,给女性解放带来阻力,但丁玲自始至终为读者展现了一条男权中心主义的线索,不管披着何种外衣,男性主体的男权意识始终是压迫女性的最直接的武器。在对女性主体性的积极建构之外,丁玲对男权的解构、揭露与批判构成了丁玲思考妇女解放问题的另一个支点。

Ding Ling’s creative career was closely related to the modernity process of Chinese modern revolution,thought and literature.Her life track was intertwined with the epitome of Chinese women on the road of liberation.From beginning to end,Ding Ling put her life experience and female experience into words and thoughts with the attitude of modern women,and created a large number of female characters:the awakened May 4 th daughters Mengke and Shafi;Melin and Mary who lived on the edge of revolution;Miss Three engaged in revolutionary work;Zhenzhen in the revolutionary system;Heini and others trapped in class struggle.On the surface,it was the imperfect social mechanism,the regulations of the revolutionary system and class struggle that oppressed women and brought resistance to women’s liberation,but Ding Ling showed readers a clue of male centralism from beginning to end.No matter what coat they wore,the male chauvinism of the male subject was always the most direct weapon to oppress women.In addition to the positive construction of women’s subjectivity,Ding Ling’s deconstruction,disclosure and criticism of male power constituted another fulcrum for Ding Ling to think about women’s liberation.