突发环境事件中典型水污染物应急去除技术及案例

Emergency removal technologies and case study of typical water pollutants in abrupt environmental accidents

突发环境事件在短时间内排放大量污染物,对生态环境造成污染,具有发生突然、扩散迅速、初期风险不明,处置艰巨等特点。我国现阶段突发环境事件多发频发态势未根本改变,环境应急处置技术体系尚不完善。针对我国环境污染应急处置技术需求,围绕受污染水的河道应急处置、自来水厂应急处理和工业园区污水处理厂应急处理3种情景,系统总结了突发环境事件中水污染物的特征和应急技术要求;梳理了突发水污染应急过程中重金属类和有机类污染物等典型水污染物常用应急去除技术,并结合当前技术进展情况对未来水污染物应急去除技术的方向进行了展望。

Abrupt environmental accidents discharge a large number of pollutants in a short period of time,causing pollution to the ecological environment,with sudden occurrence,rapid diffusion,initial risk unknown,difficult disposal and other characteristics.At present,the frequent occurrence of environmental emergencies in China has not changed fundamentally,and the technical system of environmental emergency disposal is not perfect.According to the technical requirements for emergency treatment of environmental pollution in China,the characteristics and emergency technical requirements of water pollutants in abrupt environmental accidents were systematically summarized around three scenarios of polluted water:emergency treatment in river,emergency treatment of waterworks and emergency treatment of sewage treatment plants in industrial parks.The common emergency removal technologies of typical water pollutants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants in the emergency process of abrupt water pollution were reviewed.Combined with the current technical progress,the key directions of emergency removal technology of water pollutants in the future were prospected.