辽宁省畜禽粪便农田负荷量估算及环境风险评价

Estimation of Farmland Load of Livestock and Poultry Manure and the Environmental Risk Assessment in Liaoning Province

为准确了解辽宁省畜禽养殖粪便排放情况与农田负荷及环境分析,给辽宁省畜禽养殖科学分布、排泄物治理和农田环境保护提供依据,文章利用排污系数法等方法计算辽宁省2019年畜禽粪尿产生量及其农田负荷,并对环境风险进行评价。2019年辽宁省畜禽粪便排放量为5.79×10^(7)t,全省平均畜禽粪便耕地负荷预警值为0.397,预警级别为Ⅰ,对环境无污染威胁。但负荷预警值在省内存在空间分布不均的特征,其中朝阳和本溪已对环境存在污染风险,沈阳等5地对环境稍有污染威胁,大连等六地对环境无污染威胁。现阶段猪粪和牛粪是辽宁省畜禽粪便污染的主要来源,禽畜粪便排放整体上还未对农田环境产生污染威胁,其中朝阳、本溪预警级别最高,对周围农田环境造成的污染风险相对较大,应作为养殖畜禽粪便排放监管、治理重点区域。

In order to accurately understand the excrement discharge and farmland load of livestock and poultry manure in Liaoning Province,and to analyze the environment,so as to provide basis for the scientific distribution of livestock and poultry breeding,excrement management and farmland environmental protection in Liaoning Province,in this paper,the waste discharge coefficient method and other methods were used to calculate the livestock manure and urine production and farmland load in Liaoning province in 2019,and the environmental risk was evaluated.In 2019,animal manure emissions in Liaoning province were 5.79×10^(7) tons.The provincial average warning value of livestock and poultry manure load for cultivating land was 0.397,and the warning level wasⅠ which posed no pollution threat to the environment.However,the load warning value had the characteristics of uneven spatial distribution in the province,Chaoyang and Benxi were having the risk of environmental pollution;Shenyang and other five places were having a slight threat to the environment;Dalian and other six places were having no threat to the environment.At present,pig manure and cow manure are the main sources of livestock and poultry manure pollution in Liaoning Province,and the livestock manure discharge has not posed a pollution threat to the farmland environment as a whole.Chaoyang and Benxi have the highest warning level,and the pollution risk to the surrounding farmland environment is relatively large.Therefore,they should be regarded as the key areas for the supervision and control of livestock and poultry manure discharge.