智慧体育时代个人信息保护的挑战及其治理——以公共智慧体育设施为例

The Challenge and Governance of Personal Information Protection in the Era of Smart Sports——Take the Public Smart Sports Facilities as an Example

在智慧体育时代,物联网、云计算、大数据等信息技术在体育领域得到广泛应用,在满足人们个性化体育需求的同时也给个人信息的保护带来了挑战。公共智慧体育设施因其采集信息规模之大、范围之广、主体之众,存在不容忽视的个人信息安全风险。综合运用文献资料调研、比较研究、调查访问等方法,分析我国智慧公园、智慧步道等公共智慧体育设施的个人信息处理情况,发现仍有信息采集正当性存疑、信息过度处理以及行业规则不完善等问题。为针对性地化解智慧体育时代的个人信息保护危机,应总结域外关于公共领域生物识别技术使用立法与物联网安全治理的经验,结合《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》对个人信息处理的要求,从慎用生物识别信息技术、加强政府监管、明确公共利益免责边界及鼓励行业自律等4个维度,形成多主体、多层次的治理措施。

In the era of smart sports, information technologies such as the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and big data have been widely used in the field of sports. While meeting people’s personalized sports needs, they also bring challenges to the personal information protection. Due to the huge scale and wide scope of the information collected, and the large number of subjects concerned, public smart sports facilities are facing personal information security risks that cannot be ignored. Using a combination of literature, comparative and survey interview methods, the study analyzed the personal information processing related to public smart sports facilities such as smart parks and smart trails in China, and found that the legitimacy of information collection was not clear. The information is over-processed, the power and responsibilities of the competent authority are vague, and the industrial norms is imperfect. In order to solve the crisis in the era of smart sports appropriately, it is necessary to summarize the international experience of the legislation on the public use of biometric technology and the security governance of the Internet of Things. The related rules in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China and the Personal Information Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China also need to be fully respected. It is required to form multi-subject and multi-level governance measures considering four dimensions: prudently using the biometric information technology, strengthening government supervision, clearing boundary of public interest exemption, and encouraging self-discipline of facility manufacturers.