泰安市慢性病患者健康素养水平及其影响因素分析

Analysis of Health Literacy of The Patients with Chronic Diseases of Tai’an City and Its Influencing Factors

目的了解泰安市慢性病患者健康素养现状,分析其影响因素。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,选取泰安市15-69岁3120名居民作为调查对象,筛选其中855名慢性病患者作为研究对象。采用一般情况调查问卷和《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》进行问卷调查,采用描述性分析、χ^2检验以及二元Logistic回归分析慢性病患者健康素养的现状及影响因素。结果慢性病患者健康素养具备率为13.92%;三个维度的具备情况分别为:基本知识和理念具备率(25.12%)、健康生活方式与行为具备率(21.99%)、健康技能具备率(12.16%);六类问题具备情况分别为:健康科学观具备率(59.42%)、安全与急救(47.25%)、慢性病防治(22.81%)、基本医疗(16.96%)、传染病防治(16.84%)和健康信息(15.32%)。χ^2检验显示不同年龄、居住地、受教育程度、就业状况、职业类型的健康素养水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元logistic回归结果显示:年龄(OR=0.506,95%CI:0.349-0.734)是其保护因素;受教育程度(OR=1.554,95%CI:1.249-1.933)是其危险因素。结论泰安市慢性病患者健康素养水平还有待提高,特别是健康技能掌握能力和健康信息获取能力的薄弱方面。老年人应作为提升该地慢病患者健康素养水平的重点对象。

Objective To understand the status of health literacy of patients with chronic diseases in Tai’an City and its influencing factors. Methods A total of 3120 residents aged 15-69 years were selected from Tai’an City by multi-stage random cluster sampling method, in which 855 patients with chronic diseases were selected and surveyed with General Situation Questionnaire and National Residents Health Literacy Monitoring Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the status and influencing factors of health literacy of patients with chronic diseases. Results The health literacy rate of patients with chronic disease was 13.92%, the rates of three dimensions of which were 25.12% in basic knowledge and ideas, 21.99% in healthy lifestyle and behavior, and 12.16% in health skills. And the proficiency rates of six types of issues were as follows: 59.42% in health science concept, 47.25% in safety and first aid, 22.81% in chronic disease prevention and treatment, 16.96% in basic medical care, 16.84% in prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, and 15.32% in health information. The chi-square test showed that there were significant differences in health literacy levels among different ages, places of residence, education levels, employment status and occupational types(P<0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that age was the protective factor, while education level was a risk factor. Conclusion The level of health literacy of patients with chronic diseases in Tai’an City needs to be improved, especially in the weak aspects of health skills mastery and health information acquisition ability. The elderly should be a key target to improve the health literacy level of patients with chronic diseases.