同期力量和有氧训练对青少年中长距离游泳运动员运动能力影响

Effects of Strength Training on Swimming Performance of Middle to Long Distance Swimmers

本研究以8名青少年中长距离游泳运动员为研究对象,分为2组,在以中低强度有氧为主的训练阶段A组4人穿插每周3次的力量训练,B组4人仅安排1次力量训练,在干预前后分别以5×200m递增负荷测试评价各区域运动能力的变化,探讨力量训练对运动能力的影响。研究表明,力量干预后,A组运动员最大摄氧量强度(BLa=8mM)对应的游速平均提高幅度为3.15%,高于B组运动员的0.65%;无氧阈强度(BLa=4mM)对应的游速A组提高幅度为1.87%,低于B组运动员的4.07%;低强度有氧(BLa=2mM)对应的游速提高幅度为0.51%,与B组运动员的0.18%相近。上述结果提示,为期2个月、每周3次的力量训练干预对运动员最大摄氧量强度运动能力表现出较好的改造效果,但对无氧阈及以下强度的运动能力未表现出额外效果。

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of strength training on swimming performance of adolescent swimmers.During the two months intervention,eight adolescent swimmers were divided equally into two groups(A group and B group).A group was involved in three times strength sessions per week,but only one time for B group.After two month intervention,the swim velocity of VO2max of A and B group improved 3.15%and 0.65%respectively.The swim velocity of anaerobic threshold of A and B group improved 1.87%and 4.67%respectively.The swim velocity in accordance with low aerobic of A and B group improved 0.51%and 0.18%respectively.It is suggested that strength training combined with middle to low aerobic endurance training could improve the performance of VO2max intensity effectively but has no additional benefit on low aerobic performance and anaerobic threshold performance.