“欧洲步”上篮蹬地斜跨步动作下肢运动特征研究

Research on Lower Limb Motion Characteristics of Oblique Stride on“Euro Step”Layup

近年来,越来越多的篮球运动员在赛场上运用“欧洲步”上篮动作取分,本研究应用生物力学方法,运用Delsys表面肌电测试仪、Motion红外光点高速运动捕捉测试系统和Kistler测力台同步采集一级篮球运动员“欧洲步”动作的各项生物力学数据,着重对蹬地斜跨步这一环节进行量化分析,研究发现:“欧洲步”上篮蹬地腿一侧肌肉激活和募集程度要强于异侧;膝关节和踝关节的关节角度变化幅度较大;该动作足底在水平方向上发力作用明显。建议运动员有针对性地对腓肠肌进行锻炼,强化蹬伸能力;加强臀大肌、股二头肌的力量以及髋关节处肌肉的延展性,以增强动作稳定性;提升胫骨前肌的肌肉耐力,以防运动性疲劳带来相应的损伤;加强膝、踝关节处的力量训练,或佩戴护具;适当减速,注重动作节奏。

In recent years,more and more basketball players have used the“European Step”layup to score points.This study used biomechanical methods,and utilized sports engineering equipment including Surface EMG Tester Delsys,Infrared Spot High-speed Motion Capture Test System Motion and Dynamometer Kistler to collect the biomechanical data of the first-class basketball players'“Euro Step”movement synchronously,and quantitative analysis was emphatically carried out on the oblique stride.The research shows that the muscle activation and recruitment degree on one side of the pedal leg in the“Euro Step”layup is stronger than that on the other side;the joint angle of the knee and ankle joints changes greatly.In this action,the plantar exerts force obviously in the horizontal direction.It is suggested that athletes should exercise gastrocnemius muscles in a targeted way to strengthen their pedaling and stretching ability;it is needed for athletes to enhance the strength of the gluteus maximus and biceps femoris and the extensibility of muscles at the hip joint to improve the stability of movement;it is imperative to raise the endurance of tibialis anterior muscle to prevent the corresponding injuries caused by sports fatigue;athletes ought to strengthen strength training of knees and ankles or wear protective gear to prevent joint sprain;and athletes slow down appropriately and pay attention to the rhythm of the action.