新冠疫情背景下体育运动对老年人免疫功能的实验研究

Experimental Study on the Influence of Sports on Immune Functions of Senior Citizens in the Context of COVID-19

新型冠状病毒肺炎爆发让老年群体成了此次疫情的“重灾区”,老年人由于免疫功能减弱,抵抗力下降,呼吸系统和淋巴系统受到严峻考验。研究通过实验法,以体育运动对老年人免疫功能的实验影响为研究对象,选取120名60-70岁老年人为实验目标,分为对照组和实验组,每组男性和女性均为30人。并将实验组分为步行组、慢跑组、游泳组、太极拳组、健身舞组,进行为期12周的有氧训练,每周训练3次,每次训练时间为50-60分钟。实验结果得出:实验组比对照组的T淋巴细胞及NK细胞占比明显提高,在CD3+、CD8+、NK细胞方面差异性显著,且两组受试者之间的相关性、离散程度及显著性均存在明显差异。步行组由于运动强度略小,在CD3+和NK细胞指标上与其他4个实验组均存在显著差异,太极拳组CD3+(65.46±9.29)、游泳组CD4+(44.72±10.12)及健身舞组NK细胞(23.37±8.59)指标最高,尤其是健身舞组NK细胞指标明显优于其他4个实验组,并且差异性显著,说明中等强度运动对提高免疫细胞计数和功能有积极作用。提示老年人在进行体育锻炼时,应选择具有一定运动强度的项目,帮助老年人提高机体免疫。

The outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia has made the senior citizens the“hardest hit”group,with the senior citizens suffering from weakened immune function,as well asrespiratory and lymphatic systems.In this study,the experimental effects of physical activity on the immune functions of the senior citizen were investigated through an experimental method in which 120 older people aged 60-70 years were the subjects of the experiment,divided into a control group and an experimental group,with 30 men and 30 women in each group.The experimental group was divided into a walking group,a jogging group,a swimming group,a tai chi group,and a fitness dance group for 12 weeks of aerobic training.The training was conducted 4 times a week for 50-60 minutes each time.The experimental results showed that the percentage of T lymphocytes and NK cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,and there were significant differences in the percentage of CD3+,CD8+and in NK cells,and the correlation,dispersion,and significance between the two groups of subjects were significant.The walking group differed significantly from the other four experimental groups on both CD3+and NK cell indices due to slightly less exercise intensity.Taijiquan group had the highest CD3+(65.46±9.29),swimming group had the highest CD4+(44.72±10.12)and the gym dance group had the highest NK cell(23.37±8.59),especially the NK cell index in the gym dance group was significantly better than the the other four experimental groups,and the differences were significant.It is suggested that moderate intensity exercise has a positive effect on improving immune cell counts and function,and the senior citizens should choose programs with a certain intensity of physical exercise to help them improve their immunity.