健身运动对老年人认知功能的影响及其作用机制

The Effects Of Exercise on Cognitive Function in the Elderly and its Mechanism

背景:认知功能衰退是老年人生活的常见现象,严重时会引发多种慢性疾病,运动作为预防和控制各种慢性疾病的重要手段,能够有效缓解认知功能下降,延缓衰老。[目的]针对国内外学者有关健身运动对老年人认知功能影响进行全面综述,分析不同类型健身运动老年人认知功能的正面效益,进而揭示健身运动促进老年人认知功能的可能机制,为有效缓解认知功能下降,延缓衰老提供理论与实践参考。方法:搜寻截止至2021年3月,包括Elsevier、Springer、Web of science、CNKI中文资料总库、万方数据以及台湾学术文献数据库,检索有关老年人、健身运动、认知功能等中英文文献,并根据研究需要确立相应的入选标准,对最终所得文献进行筛选。结果:健身运动改善老年人认知功能的可能机制主要是通过大脑神经系统来实现的,包括健身运动可诱导神经营养因子(BDNF)增加,并刺激生长激素(GH)、第一类型胰岛素生长因子(IGF-1)分泌,从而增强大脑氧合功能,减缓老年人认知功能下降,健身运动还能调节促发炎细胞激素或抗发炎细胞激素等相关机制,进而改善老年人认知功能。

Background:Cognitive decline is a common phenomenon in the life of the elderly,which can lead to a variety of chronic diseases when it is serious.Exercise,as an important means to prevent and control various chronic diseases,can effectively alleviate cognitive decline and delay aging.The objective is to summarize the domestic and foreign scholars’research on the fitness effect of exercise on cognitive function in the elderly,and to conduct a comprehensive review and analysis of different types of fitness’s positive benefit to improve cognitive function in the elderly,which reveals a possible mechanism of fitness promoting cognitive function in the elderly,to effectively alleviate the cognitive function decline and delay aging.Methods:The literature search was completed by March 2021,including Elsevier,Springer,Web of Science,CNKI Database,Wanfang Data and Taiwan Academic Literature Database.Chinese and English literatures related to the elderly,fitness,cognitive function,etc.,were retrieved,and corresponding inclusion criteria were established according to the research needs,and the final literatures were screened.Conclusion:the possible mechanisms of fitness campaign to improve cognitive function in the elderly is mainly achieved through the brain nervous system,including inducing neurotrophic factor(BDNF)increase,and stimulating growth hormone(GH),the first type of insulin growth factor(IGF 1)secretion,so as to strengthen the function of the brain oxygenation,slow decline in cognitive function in the elderly.Fitness exercise can also regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines or anti-inflammatory cytokines and other related mechanisms to improve the cognitive function of the elderly.