身体形态与心肺功能对学生身体素质的影响研究——基于2019年小学高段学生体质健康测试数据进行分析

Study on the Influence of Body Shape and Cardiopulmonary Function on Students'Physical Fitness——Based on the Data of Physical Health Test of Higher Grade Pupils in 2019

目的:研究不同身体形态变化水平与心肺功能变化间体质测试成绩是否存在差异,并尝试做找出不同身体形态水平与不同心肺功能水平对学生身体素质的影响及影响程度,为有效地提高学生身体素质提供行之有效的理论依据。本文采用多因素方差分析的方法,对2019成都市青羊区部分小学学生体质测试数据进行研究。结果表明:1)身体形态正常与心肺功能优秀组别学生的体质测试项目的成绩优异其他组别的学生,1分钟仰卧起坐成绩除外。2)身体形态对学生速度、反应能力、协调性、爆发力和耐力等身体素质的影响显著,P_(1)<0.05;心肺功能水平变化对学生速度、反应能力、协调性、爆发力和耐力等身体素质的影响也显著,P_(1)<0.05。3)身体形态正常与低体重组别学生对其耐力素质的影响效应量达到了中等效应,偏Eta^(2)分别为0.08与0.074;超重组别学生对其速度素质与力量素质的影响效应量达到了中等效应,偏Eta^(2)分别为0.063与0.086;肥胖组别学生对其速度素质、协调性和爆发力素质、腰腹肌肉力量与耐力素质的影响效应量也达到了中等效应,偏Eta^(2)均大于0.6;身体形态正常、超重与心肺功能优秀、良好组别学生对其柔韧性影响效应不大,偏Eta^(2)为0.02~0.03<0.06。4)心肺功能水平变化对学生速度、反应能力、协调性、爆发力和耐力等身体素质具有显著影响,偏Eta^(2)小于0.6,效应相对较小;但优秀组别学生对其耐力素质的影响效应到达中等水平,偏Eta^(2)为0.67。5)学生身体形态与心肺功能的改善可在一定程度提高学生体质健康测试项目成绩与学生速度、柔韧性、爆发力、力量和耐力等身体素质。

objective:this paper tries to study whether there are differences in physical test scores between different body shape changes and cardiopulmonary function changes,and try to find out the influence and influence extension of different body shape level and different cardiopulmonary function level on students'physical fitness,so as toprovide an effective theoretical basis to effectively improve the physical quality of students.This paper studies the physical test data of some primary school students in Qingyang District,Chengdu,2019 by multi-factor ANOVA.The results showed that:(1)the physical fitness test scores of the students in the normal body shape and cardiopulmonary function were excellent,except for the 1 minute sit-up scores of the students in other groups.2)physical form has a significant effect on students'physical fitness,such as speed,reaction ability,coordination,explosive power and endurance,P_(1)<0.05;The effects of changes in cardiopulmonary function level on students'physical fitness such as speed,reaction ability,coordination,explosive power and endurance were also significant,P_(1)<0.05。3)The influence of studentsnormal body shape and low body recombination on their endurance quality reached medium effect and Eta effect^(2) respectively 0.08 and 0.074;The influence of overweight students on their speed quality and strength quality reached a moderate effect,Eta partial effect^(2) respectively 0.063 and 0.086;Obesity group students also had moderate effect on their speed quality,coordination and explosive strength,waist and abdomen muscle strength and endurance quality,with Eta bias 2all higher than 0.6;Normal body shape,overweight,excellent cardiopulmonary function,good group of students have little effect on their flexibility,Eta bias^(2) 0.02~0.03<0.06.4)changes in cardiopulmonary function have a significant effect on students'physical fitness,such as speed,reaction ability,coordination,explosive power and endurance,with Eta bias 2<0.06.However,the effect of excellent group students on their endurance quality reached a medium level,with Eta bias^(2) of 0.07.5)improvement of students'physical form and cardiopulmonary function can improve students'physical health test scores and students'physical qualities such as speed,flexibility,explosive power,strength and endurance to a certain extent.