县域城镇化实践的差异化类型及其形塑机制

Differentiated types of county urbanization practices and their shaping mechanisms

不同于规模城市的城市化,县域城镇化是农民市民化以及经济收入分配转型的一线,其在农民家庭进城实践中呈现出复杂性与多样化的特征。农民进城在县域社会实现城市与乡村、市民与农民的二元交互中,形成了具有差异化的城镇化实践。研究结果显示:农民在县域城镇化与基层社会互动中存在三种关系模式,即"工薪式"城镇化类型、"两栖式"城镇化类型、"突围式"城镇化类型,这一实践差异由区域性市场辐射强度、县域工业资源、县域农业资源条件三方面形塑而成。农民县域城镇化在实践中产生了家庭资源投入内卷、家庭代际关系异化以及生育意愿主观抑制等问题。推动县域城镇化应从完善城乡公共服务体系和保障农民收入分配公平两方面展开。

Different from the urbanization of large-scale cities,county urbanization is the first line of peasant citizenization and economic income distribution transformation,and it presents the characteristics of complexity and diversification in the practice of peasant families entering cities.Farmers entering cities realize dual interaction between cities and villages,citizens and farmers in county society,forming differentiated urbanization practice.It is found that there are three relationship patterns in the interaction between rural urbanization at county level and grassroots society:"salaried"urbanization type,"amphibious"urbanization type and"breakout"urbanization type.This practice difference is formed by regional market radiation intensity,county industrial resources and county agricultural resources conditions.In practice,the urbanization of farmers at county level has caused problems such as the inward investment of family resources,the alienation of family intergenerational relations and the subjective suppression of fertility intention.Promoting urbanization at county level should be carried out from two aspects:improving the construction of urban and rural public service system and ensuring the fairness of farmers’income distribution.