苏州明清农村居民点信息挖掘与启示

Information Mining of Rural Settlements in Suzhou During Ming and Qing Dynasties and Enlightenment

农村居民点是农村人口聚集的场所,探索历史时期农村居民点用地分布特征及长时期农村居民点变化规律可为复原土地利用/覆被变化的历史进程提供参考。文章以江苏省苏州市为研究区,以地方志为主要资料来源,通过历史文献解读并设计古今地名匹配算法,实现了对明清时期4个历史断面下苏州市农村居民点的空间定位;通过标准差椭圆、核密度和泰森多边形等空间分析方法,探索了研究期内农村居民点的空间格局特征。研究结果表明:(1)地方志记载的历史居民点虽难以与当前通过测绘形成的农村居民点图斑进行直接对应,但可反映当时农村居民点分布总体格局;(2)明清时期,苏州农村居民点空间格局较为稳定,基本保持东北—西南方向的分布格局,并呈现出常熟市—苏州古城与常熟市—昆山市两条发展轴线。与现代多核结构特征相比,核心—边缘结构较不明显;(3)明清时期,苏州农村居民点密度分布就呈现出较为显著的空间异质性,表现出以苏州古城为中心,随时间推移逐渐聚集的趋势,这与当前以苏州市区为中心向四周递增的阶梯格局有显著差异。

Rural residential areas are places where rural populations gather.Exploring the historical period of rural residential land distribution characteristics and long-term rural residential changes can provide references for restoring the historical process of land use/cover changes.This study uses Suzhou city,Jiangsu province as the research area and local chronicles as the main source of data.Through historical literature interpretation and design of ancient and modern place name matching algorithms,the spatial positioning of rural residential areas in Suzhou in four historical sections during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was achieved.Spatial analysis methods such as standard deviation ellipse,kernel density and Thiessen polygon explored the spatial pattern characteristics of rural residential areas during the study period.The research results show that although the historical settlements recorded in the local chronicles are difficult to directly correspond to the current rural settlements maps formed by surveying and mapping,they can reflect the overall pattern of rural settlements distribution at that time.Further analysis results showed that,during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Suzhou was relatively stable,basically maintaining the northeast-southwest distribution pattern,and showing two development axes of Changshu-Suzhou ancient city and Changshu-Kunshan.Compared with modern multicore structure,core edge structure is less obvious.The density distribution of rural settlements in Suzhou showed a significant spatial heterogeneity,which showed a trend of gradually gathering over time with the ancient city of Suzhou as the center.This is significantly different from the current ladder pattern with Suzhou as the center and increasing around.