相同能量和蛋白质下不同膳食碳水化合物/脂肪比例对寿命影响代谢组学分析

Effect of different dietary carbohydrate/fat ratios on aging biomarkers under the same energy and protein intake in healthy people:a metabonomics study

目的了解在能量蛋白质摄入正常情况下不同碳水化合物/脂肪摄入比例与衰老生物标志物、寿命的关系。方法从2015年哈尔滨市膳食、营养和慢性病队列研究的4973人中,排除有常见慢性病、家族史和既往疾病史的参与者,将蛋白质和能量摄入在正常范围内的人群分为对照组(N)、高脂组(HF)和高碳水化合物组(HC)。利用超高效液相色谱(UPLC/Q-TOF-MS)检测血浆样品的代谢指纹图谱,采用主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘分析(PLS-DA)方法分析不同年龄组间代谢物差异,根据PLS-DA模式得到的VIP值和变异倍数筛选出衰老生物标志物,分析衰老生物标志物在不同膳食人群的差异。结果PLS-DA模式下各组均能够准确地区分,血浆代谢模式上存在明显差异;共鉴定出5个衰老生物标志物,其中随年龄呈增长趋势的有12(S)-HPETE、氨基己二酸、3–羟基壬酰基肉碱,随年龄呈下降趋势的有L–亮氨酸、硫酸脱氢表雄酮。与对照组比较,高脂组和高碳水化合物组人群中L–亮氨酸、硫酸脱氢表雄酮浓度下降,12(S)-HPETE、氨基己二酸、3–羟基壬酰基肉碱浓度升高;相对于高脂组,高碳水化合物人群L–亮氨酸、硫酸脱氢表雄酮浓度下降,12(S)-HPETE、氨基己二酸、3–羟基壬酰基肉碱浓度升高。提示,高脂和高碳水化合物对衰老均有一定的促进作用;高碳水化合物对衰老的促进作用更为明显。结论在相同能量和蛋白质摄入情况下,高脂和高碳水化合物均不利于健康寿命;相对于高脂,高碳水化合物摄入更容易促进衰老进程,缩短寿命。

Objective To explore the relationship between different carbohydrate/fat intake ratio and aging biomarkers under normal energy and protein intake in healthy people.Methods Form 4973 adult residents participating in Harbin Cohort Study on Diet,Nutrition and Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases conducted in 2015,we selected 90 healthy people reporting normal dietary protein and energy intake but without personal and family history of chronic disease and divided them into three groups(30 in each group):normal control(N),high fat(HF)and high carbonhydrate(HC)group.Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Tof-MS)was used to detect metabolic fingerprints of plasma samples of the participants.Principal component analysis(PCA)and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)were employed to analyze differences in metabolites among the participants of different age group.Aging biomarkers were screened out according to the values of variable importance in the projection(VIP)and variation ratio obtained by PLS-DA model,and changes in the aging biomarkers in different dietary groups were analyzed.Results The results of UPLC-Q-Tof-MS showed that all the study groups could be distinguished accurately under PLS-DA mode and there were significant differences in plasma metabolic mode.Five aging biomarkers were identified;among which,12(s)-hpete,aminoadipic acid and 3-hydroxynonylcarnitine increased with age,while L-leucine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreased with age.In comparison with those of the N group,the concentrations of L-leucine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate of the HF and the HC group decreased,but the concentrations of 12(s)-hpete,aminoadipic acid and 3-hydroxynonylcarnitine of the two groups increased.Compared with the HF group,the HC group had decreased L-leucine and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate but increased 12(s)-hpete,aminoadipic acid and 3-hydroxynonanoylcarnitine.The results suggested that both high-fat and high carbohydrate could promote aging to some extent,and the effect of high carbohydrate on aging is more obvious.Conclusion Under the same energy and protein intake,high-fat and high carbohydrate intake are not conducive to healthy life span;compared with high-fat intake,high carbohydrate intake is easier to promote aging process and shorten life expectancy.